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Lyα Emitters are Similar to Other High-z Galaxies

Lyα Emitters are Similar to Other High-z Galaxies. Eric Gawiser Rutgers University. What We Know About Galaxy Formation. Initial Conditions: WMAP cosmology Final Conditions: Low-z galaxies Identified Galaxy Zoo at z~3

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Lyα Emitters are Similar to Other High-z Galaxies

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  1. Lyα Emitters are Similar to Other High-z Galaxies Eric Gawiser Rutgers University

  2. What We Know About Galaxy Formation • Initial Conditions: WMAP cosmology • Final Conditions: Low-z galaxies • Identified Galaxy Zoo at z~3 Lyman alpha emitters, Lyman break galaxies, Distant red galaxies, Submillimeter galaxies, Damped Lyman alpha systems, Gamma ray burst host galaxies, Active Galactic Nuclei However: Evolutionary sequence unclear, which are progenitors of typical galaxies like the Milky Way?

  3. Galaxies at z=3: TLAs • LAE=Lyman Alpha Emitter (=LYE? =LEGO?) selected via strong emission line (early stage of star formation) • LBG=Lyman Break Galaxy selected via Lyman break, blue continuum (starburst) • DRG=Distant Red Galaxy selected via Balmer break in observed NIR • SMG=Sub-Millimeter detected Galaxy hyperluminous in sub-mm, implying huge SFR, heavy dust • DLA=Damped Lyman  Absorption system selected in absorption, N(HI)>1020 cm-2 • GHG=GRB (Gamma-Ray Burst) Host Galaxy Burst rate is some function of SFR, host redshifts are easiest via Ly • AGN=Active Galactic Nucleus selected in X-rays, mid-infrared or via LBG-like colors

  4. Properties of LAEs vs. Other High-z Galaxies SFR, stellar mass, DM mass, bolometric luminosity, dust, AGN fraction appear similar to DLA, GHG less than LBG, DRG, SMG (e.g., Hu+04, Nilsson+07, Pirzkal+07, Finkelstein+07,08, Lai+08, Ouchi+08, Reddy+08) Specific SFR highest of any type but equals GHGs, overlap with LBGs, SMGs (e.g., Castro-Ceron+06,08, Ono's talk) Rest-UV slope (blue V-R color) similar to LBGs, much overlap with DRGs, SMGs (e.g., Venemans+05, Nilsson+07, Ouchi+08, van Dokkum+06, Chapman+05) Size, Clumpiness appear identical to UV-dim "LBGs" (e.g., Overzier+08, Venemans talk) Lyα emission/absorption kinematics appear similar to LBGs (e.g., Verhamme & Schaerer talks+papers, Venemans+05, Tapken+07)

  5. Lyα Emitters SMGs DRGs GRB hosts LBGs DLAs

  6. Reality? LBGs GRB hosts Lyα Emitters SMGs DLAs DRGs

  7. High-z Galaxies LAEs SMGs LBGs GHGs DLAs DRGs Higher SFR, M*, MDM, Lbolometric, SFR, dust, AGN fraction Null hypothesis: All high-z galaxy types are drawn from a single unimodal distribution of galaxies, with observed differences caused only by selection effects

  8. Null hypothesis: All high-z galaxy types are drawn from a single unimodal distribution of galaxies, with observed differences caused only by selection effects • Implications: • No Hubble color/morphology sequence at z>3 • LAEs and LABs are part of a continuum (not bimodal) • No Type I/Type II LAEs • LAEs and LBGs are part of a continuum ("unification")

  9. UVR colors of confirmed objects Confirmed LAEareblue! See also Venemans+05, Nilsson+07 Disagrees with claims of red LAEs by Stiavelli et al 2001, Campos et al 1999 Confirmed LBG

  10. UGR diagrams for LBGs, mass-selected Galaxies, SMGs Steidel+03 van Dokkum+06 Chapman+05

  11. IRAC photometry of LAEs(Lai+08)

  12. Color-(IRAC)magnitude diagram(Lai+08)

  13. EW distributions Gronwall+07 Reddy+08 Lyα emitters 25% EW>20Å

  14. Continuum LF compared to LBGs Gronwall+07 LAEs are ~1/3 the density of LBGs at same redshift. LAE LF extends much fainter but is subject to incompleteness.

  15. LAEs and LBGs trace the bivariate luminosity function N(LLyα,LUV) LBG LF is projection onto RAB with additional blue UV continuum requirement Lower left quadrant not probed by LAEs or LBGs (Gronwall+07)

  16. Cosmological hydro simulationsNagamine+03, see also Nagamine+08M=1012M

  17. DLA metallicities in context Pettini 03

  18. M = MUSYC, in progress

  19. M = MUSYC, in progress

  20. High-z Galaxies LAEs SMGs LBGs GHGs DLAs DRGs Higher mass, Lbolometric, SFR, AGN fraction An evolutionary sequence?

  21. LAEs at z=3.1 evolve into ~L* galaxies at z=0(Francke's poster) Evolution of bias (dashed tracks are median of conditional mass function)

  22. High-z Galaxies LAEs SMGs LBGs GHGs DLAs DRGs None-of-the-Above Galaxies (NAGs) Higher mass, Lbolometric, SFR, AGN fraction Are we missing anything?

  23. Conclusions • LAEs are drawn from a larger, unimodal population of high-redshift galaxies which can be described by a multivariate luminosity function • Apparent differences between LAEs and other high-z galaxies are caused purely by selection effects • SMGs, DRGs, and LBGs trace the high-mass, high-bolometric-luminosity tail, which evolve into massive present-day galaxies • LAEs are a subset of the generic population of galaxies that evolve into typical present-day galaxies • DLAs and GHGs may also trace typical low-mass galaxies at high redshift

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