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The Not-So-Secret Life of Future Passive Participles

The Not-So-Secret Life of Future Passive Participles. Gerunds, Gerundives, Passive Periphrastic, Gerund/Gerundives in Purpose Clauses. Future Passive Participles. Remember that Future Passive Participles are the N-D words! Like this famous ND (Indy), their lives are also full of adventure!.

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The Not-So-Secret Life of Future Passive Participles

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  1. The Not-So-Secret Life of Future Passive Participles Gerunds, Gerundives, Passive Periphrastic, Gerund/Gerundives in Purpose Clauses

  2. Future Passive Participles • Remember that Future Passive Participles are the N-D words! • Like this famous ND (Indy), their lives are also full of adventure!

  3. Review: How To Form Them • Take the PRESENT STEM of the verb (drop the –re) • Add –ndus, -nda, -ndum • AMARE: AMA- AMANDUS • Translate as “loving” or “must be loved”

  4. FPP Adventure 1: Gerunds! • A gerund is a verbal noun. • Translates –ing. • In Latin, gerunds are the future passive participle in the neuter singular (just without a nominative form).

  5. A Gerund Chart • docere: to teach (FPP: docendus, -a, -um) • Nom: ---- • Gen.(of) docendi • Dat.(to/for) docendo • Acc. docendum • Abl.(by/with) docendo Docendodiscimus. We learn by teaching.

  6. FPP Adventure 2: Gerundives! • A gerundive is a verbal adjective. • Translates –ing. • In Latin, gerundives are the future passive participle in all genders, numbers, and cases. (all 1st and 2nd declension endings) • Unlike gerunds, gerundives have an object. The object will be the same case/number/gender as the gerundive.

  7. A Gerundive Chart • docere: to teach (FPP: docendus, -a, -um) • docendusdocendidocendadocendae • docendidocendorumdocendaedocendarum • docendodocendisdocendaedocendis • docendumdocendosdocendamdocendas • docendodocendisdocendādocendis • docendumdocenda • docendidocendorum • docendodocendis • docendumdocenda • docendodocendis Docendisdiscipulisdiscimus. We learn by teaching students.

  8. FPP Adventure 3: Purpose Clauses! • Gerunds and gerundives can work in purpose clauses like this: • “ad” followed by the accusative gerund or gerundive: “for the purpose of ….ing” • “causa” or “gratia” preceded by a genitive gerund or gerundive: “for the sake of …ing”

  9. Purpose Clauses • Ad ludumeoad docendum. • I go to school for the purpose of teaching. • Ad ludumeodocendicausa(gratia). • I go to school for the sake of teaching. • Ad ludumeodocendidiscipulicausa (gratia). • I go to school for the sake of teaching the student. • Ad ludumeodocendorumdiscipulorumcausa (gratia). • I go to school for the sake of teaching the students.

  10. FPP Adventure 4: Passive Periphrastic! • The passive periphrastic uses a future passive participle plus a form of “sum” • It indicates obligation or necessity. (must be, has to be, have to be, had to be, will have to be) • It uses a dative of agent.

  11. Passive Periphrastic “est”: present tense has to be/must be • Liber legendusestdiscipulo. • The book has be read (must be read) by the student. • Liber legenduseratdiscipulo. • The book had to be read by the student. • Liber legenduseritdiscipulo. • The book will have to be read by the student. OR The book must be read by the student. “erat”: imperfect tense had to be “erit”: future tense will have to be/must be

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