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CHAPTER 11

CHAPTER 11. STATES OF MATTER & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES. LIQUIDS. Definite volume but indefinite shape Relative high density Ability to diffuse (mix with other liquids) Has surface tension Evaporates or boils to a gas Freezes to a solid. Mercury in Three States.

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CHAPTER 11

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  1. CHAPTER 11 STATES OF MATTER & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

  2. LIQUIDS • Definite volume but indefinite shape • Relative high density • Ability to diffuse (mix with other liquids) • Has surface tension • Evaporates or boils to a gas • Freezes to a solid

  3. Mercury in Three States Section1 States and State Changes Chapter 11

  4. SOLIDS • Definite volume, shape & melting point • High density • VERY SLOW rate of diffusion

  5. SOLIDS

  6. PHASE DIAGRAMS

  7. PHASE DIAGRAMS • Graphs showing the exact P and T in which phase changes occur. • Triple Point – The T & P at which solid, liquid & gas phases exist @ the same time • Critical Temperature – The T at above which the substance cannot exist as a liquid – no matter what

  8. PHASE DIAGRAMS • Critical Pressure – The lowest P at which the substance can exist as a liquid at the critical temperature • Critical Point – The point on the graph describing the critical temperature & critical pressure

  9. PHASE DIAGRAMS

  10. PHASE DIAGRAMS

  11. PHASE DIAGRAMS

  12. PHASE DIAGRAMS

  13. PHASE DIAGRAMS Solid & Liquid @ Equilibrium

  14. PHASE DIAGRAMS Freezing Melting

  15. PHASE DIAGRAMS Liquid & Gas @ Equilibrium

  16. PHASE DIAGRAMS Vaporization Condensation

  17. PHASE DIAGRAMS Solid & Gas @ Equilibrium

  18. PHASE DIAGRAMS Sublimation

  19. PHASE DIAGRAMS

  20. Visual Concepts Chapter 11 Freezing

  21. PHASE CHANGES

  22. Visual Concepts Chapter 11 Vaporization and Condensation

  23. PHASE CHANGES

  24. Visual Concepts Chapter 11 Comparing Sublimation and Deposition

  25. When liquid & gas exist at the same time. LIQUID VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM

  26. LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM • Liquid evaporates to gas • Gas condenses to liquid • Same time • Same rate LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR

  27. LIQUID-VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM

  28. LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR Le Chatelier’s Principle – A system in equilibrium, when disturbed, will go back to work to find a new equilibrium Think of it like a see-saw.

  29. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM This system is at equilibrium!

  30. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM What happens to the see-saw if you add more liquid?

  31. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM What happens to the see-saw if you add more liquid? There is too much reactant. Equilibrium shifts to the right to produce more vapor.

  32. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM What happens to the see-saw if you add more vapor?

  33. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM What happens to the see-saw if you add more vapor? There is too much product. Equilibrium shifts to the left to produce more liquid & heat.

  34. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM What happens to the see-saw if you add more heat?

  35. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM What happens to the see-saw if you add more heat? There is too much reactant. Equilibrium shifts to the right to produce more vapor.

  36. How Does the Book Ask the Same Question?

  37. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM In a liquid-vapor equilibrium, what happens when the liquid concentration is increased?

  38. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM In a liquid-vapor equilibrium, what happens when the liquid concentration is increased? There is too much reactant. Equilibrium shifts to the right to produce more vapor. [Liquid] decreases. Heat is absorbed. [Vapor] increases.

  39. Chapter 11 Standardized Test Preparation Use the illustration below to answer questions 10–13.

  40. 10. Which phrase below best describes the system shown above? F. a system that is not in equilibrium G. a system in which the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of evaporation H. a system in which the rate of condensation is greater than the rate of evaporation I. a system in which the concentration of the gas equals the concentration of the liquid

  41. 10. Which phrase below best describes the system shown above? F. a system that is not in equilibrium G. a system in which the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of evaporation H. a system in which the rate of condensation is greater than the rate of evaporation I. a system in which the concentration of the gas equals the concentration of the liquid

  42. 11. What would be the effect on this system if temperature were increased? A. more of the particles will be in the gas phase B. more of the particles will be in the liquid phase C. the ratio of particles in the gas and liquid phases does not change D. depending on intermolecular forces, the ratio of particles in the two phases can increase or decrease

  43. 11. What would be the effect on this system if temperature were increased? A.more of the particles will be in the gas phase B. more of the particles will be in the liquid phase C. the ratio of particles in the gas and liquid phases does not change D. depending on intermolecular forces, the ratio of particles in the two phases can increase or decrease

  44. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM In a liquid-vapor equilibrium, what happens when the vapor concentration is increased?

  45. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM In a liquid-vapor equilibrium, what happens when the vapor concentration is increased? There is too much product. Equilibrium shifts to the left. [Liquid] increases. Heat is released. [Vapor] decreases.

  46. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM In a liquid-vapor equilibrium, what happens when the temperature is increased?

  47. LIQUID + HEAT VAPOR LIQUID – VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM In a liquid-vapor equilibrium, what happens when the temperature is raised? There is too much reactant. Equilibrium shifts to the right. [Liquid] decreases. Heat is absorbed. [Vapor] increases.

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