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Anisa Allahdadi Thematic Seminar 21 June 2012. Programming from Galois Connections. Objectives. Problem Statements: one defining a broad class of solutions ( the easy part) requesting one particular optimal solution , ( the hard part )
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Anisa Allahdadi Thematic Seminar 21 June 2012 Programming from Galois Connections
Objectives • Problem Statements: • one defining a broad class of solutions (the easy part) • requesting one particular optimal solution, (the hard part) • This article introduces a binary relational combinator which • mirrors this linguistics structure and • exploits its potential for calculating programs by optimization.
Some skills of a good programmer • Abstraction • Abstract Modeling, in the early stages of thinking about a software problem • Induction • Solving a complex program by imagining some smaller parts already solved • Divide and conquer programming strategy
The “Best” Solution • Whole number division: x ÷ y is the largest natural number when multiplied by y, is at most x • takeWhile p: longest prefix of the input list such that all elements satisfy predicate p • Scheduling: The best schedule for a collection of tasks, given their time spans and an acyclic graph
Easy / Hard • E: the collection of solution candidates • H: criteria under which a best solution is chosen
Example #1 • x ÷ y is the largest natural number that, when multiplied by y, is at most x.
Galois Connection • A Galois connection is a pair of functions f and g satisfying: • f and g are adjoints of each other (f is the lower adjoint and g is the upper adjoint)
Example #2 • Indirect Equality • Galois connection blending with indirect equality
Example #3 • Take (n, x): yields the longest prefix of its input sequence up to some given length n.
Shrink Operator • Galois adjoints • By the easy part E is “shrunk” by the requirements of the hard part H
Cont. • Factoring Galois connection into two parts
Cont. • Abbreviate to : • the left hand operator: • the right hand operand: • Given two relations of and , • “Shrunk by R”:
Conclusion • Galois connection as a well-known mathematical device capable of scaling up • “programming from Galois connections” is proposed as a way of calculating programs from specifications in form of Galois connections • The main contribution of this work: using the algebra of programming expressed in closed formula which records what is “easy” and “hard” to implement • A new relational combinator (shrinking) expressing such formula at pointfree level • Cons: not every problem casts into a Galois connection
Questions? • Thanks for your time!