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Dive into the transformative era of the 1960s, where counterculture, rock 'n' roll music, and social change took center stage. From the election of John F. Kennedy to the rise of grassroots movements, such as Woodstock and the Environmental Movement, witness how the youth of America catalyzed a shift in society. Explore key events like the War on Poverty and Immigration Reform, alongside movements for civil rights, feminism, and LGBTQ+ rights. Discover the lasting impact of the era's societal shifts on gender roles, equality, and activism.
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Rock and Roll music Beatnicks First hints of change
Election of John Kennedy in 1960 symbolized a change in generations
http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-f-kennedy/videos/inaugural-address-john-f-kennedyhttp://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-f-kennedy/videos/inaugural-address-john-f-kennedy
TheCounterculture • The Rise of the Counterculture • Politics rejected for a lifestyle of experimentation with music, sex and drugs • The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test-Tom Wolfe
Grassroots change • Often times in history people say great leaders move the country to change, but the reality of the 1960’s was that the youth of America forced the change.
Star Spangled Banner Woodstock • 1969, upstate NY • 450,000 + attend • Jimmie Hendrix’s Star Spangled Banner and Country Joe & the Fish’s “I Feel like I’m fixin’ to Die Rag” I Feel like I’m fixin’ to Die
Environment • Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, 1962 expose on pesticides • Earth Day, 1970 • Enacted federal clean air and water laws
Democrats control Congress, can pass anything SECTION 3 NEXT
“War on Poverty” War on Poverty • PBS • Affirmative action • Office of Economic Opportunity to oversee program • Poverty greatly reduced, yet budget deficits, War on Vietnam ended the money and desire for the programs
Immigration Reform • Immigration Act 1965, ended ethnic quota system favoring Europeans • Allowed political refugees from Communist countries come to America, like Cuba and Vietnam • Majority of new immigrants were from Latin America • Rise of illegal immigrants
Latinos • Encouraged to migrate to the US in the 50’s & 60’s to take low paying agricultural jobs, widely exploited • Cesar Chavez and United Farm Workers Organization organize to gain collective bargaining, boycotts grapes brings national attention • Federal mandate for bilingual education in schools • In the 1970s, La RazaUnida focused its efforts on electing Latinos to public office.
Asian Americans • Fastest growing ethnic minority in the 1980’s, mostly located in California, Hawaii, and New York • Emphasis on education, well represented in universities, “model minorities” • Call for curriculum in schools to recognize their heritage
Native Americans • 50’s Gov tried to push Indians off reservations, “termination,” to integrate into mainstream America • (AIM) American Indian Movement, 1968 • Alcatraz Island, 1969 • Wounded Knee, S.D. 1973 • Trail of Broken Treaties march on Washington. • Indian Self-Determination Act, 1975, more control over internal programs, education and law enforcement on reservations
Gay Liberation Movement • 1969 police raid in NYC of Stonewall Inn, patrons fight back against the police • Spark protests, the start off gay rights movement • Gay activists urged homosexuals to be open about their identity • Mid 1970’s homosexuality no longer classified as a mental disease
Feminism • Betty Friedan’s , The Feminine Mystique, 1963, identifies the “problem with no name,” gives birth to the Women’s Rights Movement • Many suburban women were highly educated, yet only expected to live a mundane domestic life
Example: Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care Message: Women’s # 1 role is to raise children By Dr. Benjamin Spock
Changes • Friedan founded NOW in 1966 to end sexism • Miss America Pageant protest of 1968 the sexual objectification of women
Sexual Revolution • “the pill,” oral contraceptive • Griswold v. Connecticut declared that people have a right to privacy and that it is legal to buy contraceptives • Roe v Wade, 1973 made abortion legal • Sex before marriage the norm • Title IX- gender equality in federal funding, i.e. college athletics • Language: Ms. Title used, Policeman Police Officer • Overall, overthrew the separate sphere model of society, women & men are now expected to fill the same roles in life
Work Women included in the Civil Rights Act 1964, prohibited discrimination in employment and compensation on the basis of gender Unequal pay, “glass ceiling” persistent women expected more to get educated and enter the workforce Women chose careers and family “Glass Ceiling”
ERA • NOW pushed for its passage
Gloria Steinem Founded Ms. Magazine Outspoken advocate for ERA
Gloria Steinem Quotes • We've begun to raise daughters more like sons... but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters. • Someone asked me why women don't gamble as much as men do, and I gave the commonsensical reply that we don't have as much money. That was a true and incomplete answer. In fact, women's total instinct for gambling is satisfied by marriage. • I don't breed well in captivity. • We can tell our values by looking at our checkbook stubs. • The first problem for all of us, men and women, is not to learn, but to unlearn. • The truth will set you free. But first, it will piss you off • A woman reading Playboy feels a little like a Jew reading a Nazi manual.
Opposition • “STOP ERA” organized by Phyllis Schlafly • “Every change (from ERA) will deprive women of a right, benefit, or exemption that they now enjoy.”
