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Chapter 6. Major Ecosystems of the World. Earth’s _____________. Earth’s Major Biomes. Type of biome ______________________and precipitation. Earth’s Major Biomes. ____________. Earth’s Major Biomes. Tundra. Characterized by: Very short growing season
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Chapter 6 Major Ecosystems of the World
Earth’s Major Biomes • Type of biome ______________________and precipitation
Earth’s Major Biomes • ____________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Tundra • Characterized by: • Very short growing season • _____________________(10-25 cm / yr) • Permafrost • Low species _____________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Boreal Forest (_________)
Earth’s Major Biomes • Boreal Forest (Tiaga) • Characterized by: • ____________________________ • Low precipitation (~50 cm / yr) • Dominated by conifers (spruce, fir), but also has aspen, ___________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate __________________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate Rain Forest • Characterized by: • Cool; high precipitation (~127 cm / yr) • Dominated by evergreens (hemlock, spruce, cedar) • Heavily logged
Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate Deciduous Forest
Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate Deciduous Forest • Characterized by: • ___________________, cold winters • Moderate precipitation (75-150 cm / yr) • Dominated by oaks, hickory, __________ • Commonly converted to agriculture
Earth’s Major Biomes • ___________________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Grasslands • Characterized by: • Hot summers, cold winters • Low to moderate precipitation (25-75 cm / yr) • ________________________or shortgrass prairies • Heavily converted to ___________
Earth’s Major Biomes • ______________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Chaparral • Characterized by: • Dry summers, mild winters • ________________________________ • Dominated by short pines, evergreen shrubs, scrub oak (but varies worldwide)
Earth’s Major Biomes • ___________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Deserts • Characterized by: • Wide daily variations in temperature • _____________(<25 cm precipitation / yr) • ________________________________
Earth’s Major Biomes • ___________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Savanna • Characterized by: • Precipitation 76-150 cm / yr, but very seasonal with extended dry periods • __________________________, with occasional trees • African most famous for herds of wildebeest, antelope, ____________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Tropical Rain _________________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Tropical Rain Forests • Characterized by: • ______________________________ 200-450 cm / yr • Very nutrient-poor soil • Extremely high primary productivity • Extremely high ___________________
Earth’s Major Biomes • Vertical Zonation: The Distribution of ________________________________
Aquatic Ecosystems ____________________________ Strongly swimming nekton Bottom-_______ benthos • Fundamental division: Freshwater vs. Saltwater • But, both contain 3 ecological category of organisms:
Aquatic Ecosystems • Tend to be narrow, swift, clear, cold, nutrient poor, and highly oxygenated • Tend to be wide, slow, cloudy, warm, nutrient rich, and ______________________ • Freshwater Ecosystems • _________________
Aquatic Ecosystems Photosynthetically productive; _______________ Highly productive, high ___________________ • Freshwater Ecosystems • Lakes and Ponds
Aquatic Ecosystems ___________________; anaerobic, dominated by decomposers • Freshwater Ecosystems • Lakes and Ponds
Aquatic Ecosystems • Freshwater Ecosystems • Thermal ______________in temperate lakes
Aquatic Ecosystems • Freshwater Ecosystems • ____________in temperate lakes
Aquatic Ecosystems • Freshwater Ecosystems • Marshes and Swamps • Highly productive • Nutrient rich due to slow decomposition • Remove many pollutants
Aquatic Ecosystems • Estuaries: Where freshwater and saltwater meet. • Highly variable environment • (salinity, temperature, light penetration rapidly changes). • Many fishes and shellfish spend larval stages here.
Aquatic Ecosystems 2) Mangrove forests • Estuaries • Two general types: 1) Salt marshes
Aquatic Ecosystems • Case-in-Point: The Chesapeake Bay
Aquatic Ecosystems • __________________
Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • _____________________
Aquatic Ecosystems 1) ___________ • Marine Ecosystems • _________________Environment Photic benthic environments include:
Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • Benthic Environment Photic benthic environments include: 1) Sea grasses 2)____________
Aquatic Ecosystems • ____________Ecosystems • Benthic Environment Photic benthic environments include: 1) Sea grasses 2) Kelp forests 3) ___________
Aquatic Ecosystems • __________________________ (a) Fringing reef
Aquatic Ecosystems • Types of Coral Reefs (b) ____________
Aquatic Ecosystems • Types of Coral Reefs (c) ______________reef
Aquatic Ecosystems • Human Impacts on Coral Reefs • Sedimentation / siltation • _____________________ • Overfishing • Direct disturbance (anchor dragging, divers damaging / ___________________)
Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • The Neritic Province Dominated by floating and swimming organisms. Such as many large ______________________________, various plankton.
Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • The Oceanic Province Largest area of ocean ______________________________________
Aquatic Ecosystems • _____________________on the Ocean
Aquatic Ecosystems • Human Impacts on the Ocean
Interaction of Life Zones • Case-in-Point: ______________________