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Major Ecosystems of the World

Chapter 6. Major Ecosystems of the World. Earth’s _____________. Earth’s Major Biomes. Type of biome ______________________and precipitation. Earth’s Major Biomes. ____________. Earth’s Major Biomes. Tundra. Characterized by: Very short growing season

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Major Ecosystems of the World

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  1. Chapter 6 Major Ecosystems of the World

  2. Earth’s _____________

  3. Earth’s Major Biomes • Type of biome ______________________and precipitation

  4. Earth’s Major Biomes • ____________

  5. Earth’s Major Biomes • Tundra • Characterized by: • Very short growing season • _____________________(10-25 cm / yr) • Permafrost • Low species _____________

  6. Earth’s Major Biomes • Boreal Forest (_________)

  7. Earth’s Major Biomes • Boreal Forest (Tiaga) • Characterized by: • ____________________________ • Low precipitation (~50 cm / yr) • Dominated by conifers (spruce, fir), but also has aspen, ___________

  8. Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate __________________

  9. Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate Rain Forest • Characterized by: • Cool; high precipitation (~127 cm / yr) • Dominated by evergreens (hemlock, spruce, cedar) • Heavily logged

  10. Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate Deciduous Forest

  11. Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate Deciduous Forest • Characterized by: • ___________________, cold winters • Moderate precipitation (75-150 cm / yr) • Dominated by oaks, hickory, __________ • Commonly converted to agriculture

  12. Earth’s Major Biomes • ___________________

  13. Earth’s Major Biomes • Grasslands • Characterized by: • Hot summers, cold winters • Low to moderate precipitation (25-75 cm / yr) • ________________________or shortgrass prairies • Heavily converted to ___________

  14. Earth’s Major Biomes • ______________

  15. Earth’s Major Biomes • Chaparral • Characterized by: • Dry summers, mild winters • ________________________________ • Dominated by short pines, evergreen shrubs, scrub oak (but varies worldwide)

  16. Earth’s Major Biomes • ___________

  17. Earth’s Major Biomes • Deserts • Characterized by: • Wide daily variations in temperature • _____________(<25 cm precipitation / yr) • ________________________________

  18. Earth’s Major Biomes • ___________

  19. Earth’s Major Biomes • Savanna • Characterized by: • Precipitation 76-150 cm / yr, but very seasonal with extended dry periods • __________________________, with occasional trees • African most famous for herds of wildebeest, antelope, ____________

  20. Earth’s Major Biomes • Tropical Rain _________________

  21. Earth’s Major Biomes • Tropical Rain Forests • Characterized by: • ______________________________ 200-450 cm / yr • Very nutrient-poor soil • Extremely high primary productivity • Extremely high ___________________

  22. Earth’s Major Biomes • Vertical Zonation: The Distribution of ________________________________

  23. Aquatic Ecosystems ____________________________ Strongly swimming nekton Bottom-_______ benthos • Fundamental division: Freshwater vs. Saltwater • But, both contain 3 ecological category of organisms:

  24. Aquatic Ecosystems • Tend to be narrow, swift, clear, cold, nutrient poor, and highly oxygenated • Tend to be wide, slow, cloudy, warm, nutrient rich, and ______________________ • Freshwater Ecosystems • _________________

  25. Aquatic Ecosystems Photosynthetically productive; _______________ Highly productive, high ___________________ • Freshwater Ecosystems • Lakes and Ponds

  26. Aquatic Ecosystems ___________________; anaerobic, dominated by decomposers • Freshwater Ecosystems • Lakes and Ponds

  27. Aquatic Ecosystems • Freshwater Ecosystems • Thermal ______________in temperate lakes

  28. Aquatic Ecosystems • Freshwater Ecosystems • ____________in temperate lakes

  29. Aquatic Ecosystems • Freshwater Ecosystems • Marshes and Swamps • Highly productive • Nutrient rich due to slow decomposition • Remove many pollutants

  30. Aquatic Ecosystems • Estuaries: Where freshwater and saltwater meet. • Highly variable environment • (salinity, temperature, light penetration rapidly changes). • Many fishes and shellfish spend larval stages here.

  31. Aquatic Ecosystems 2) Mangrove forests • Estuaries • Two general types: 1) Salt marshes

  32. Aquatic Ecosystems • Case-in-Point: The Chesapeake Bay

  33. Aquatic Ecosystems • __________________

  34. Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • _____________________

  35. Aquatic Ecosystems 1) ___________ • Marine Ecosystems • _________________Environment Photic benthic environments include:

  36. Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • Benthic Environment Photic benthic environments include: 1) Sea grasses 2)____________

  37. Aquatic Ecosystems • ____________Ecosystems • Benthic Environment Photic benthic environments include: 1) Sea grasses 2) Kelp forests 3) ___________

  38. Aquatic Ecosystems • __________________________ (a) Fringing reef

  39. Aquatic Ecosystems • Types of Coral Reefs (b) ____________

  40. Aquatic Ecosystems • Types of Coral Reefs (c) ______________reef

  41. Aquatic Ecosystems • Human Impacts on Coral Reefs • Sedimentation / siltation • _____________________ • Overfishing • Direct disturbance (anchor dragging, divers damaging / ___________________)

  42. Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • The Neritic Province Dominated by floating and swimming organisms. Such as many large ______________________________, various plankton.

  43. Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • The Oceanic Province Largest area of ocean ______________________________________

  44. Aquatic Ecosystems • _____________________on the Ocean

  45. Aquatic Ecosystems • Human Impacts on the Ocean

  46. Interaction of Life Zones • Case-in-Point: ______________________

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