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Martin Cave Warwick Business School, UK Martin.Cave@wbs.ac.uk

ERG/RSPG Joint Session Göteborg, Sweden ‘Spectrum Policy for the Many Possible Futures of Broadband in Europe’ February 27 2008. Martin Cave Warwick Business School, UK Martin.Cave@wbs.ac.uk. The Issue is High Speed Broadband. Platform Endowments in Europe.

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Martin Cave Warwick Business School, UK Martin.Cave@wbs.ac.uk

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  1. ERG/RSPG Joint SessionGöteborg, Sweden‘Spectrum Policy for the Many Possible Futures of Broadband in Europe’February 27 2008 Martin Cave Warwick Business School, UK Martin.Cave@wbs.ac.uk mec1595

  2. The Issue is High Speed Broadband mec1595

  3. Platform Endowments in Europe 2F + W Upgraded cable system, ubiquitous DSL, 3G networks (30-40%) F + W (Near) ubiquitous DSL, 3G (50-60%) W Wireless only- 2G/3G (3-8%) mec1595

  4. Cable and DSL in the EU15 (millions and %) mec1595

  5. What Triggers NGA Investment? • Revenue loss to current competitors • Fear of pre-emption by rival NGA • Regulatory certainty (cf. Australian approach) • Prospect of adequate (non truncated) return mec1595

  6. Key Issue for Regulators How many competitors are enough? • 2F + wireless (US generally, WBA in Malta) • ≥ 4 (Ofcom WBA notification) mec1595

  7. Intermediate Regulation in the Absence of Effective Competition Access with • higher cost of capital • pricing flexibility • limitations on capacity of mandated service (basic or ‘anchor’ product only) • limitations on PoI- but the ‘ladder’ may be broken. mec1595

  8. The Role of Wireless Uncertainty about future capabilities Competitive platforms: • LTE (long term evolution) • WiMax • UMB (ultra mobile broadband) Whether it is the only option or a competitive constraint, wireless opportunities must be maximised. mec1595

  9. Making Spectrum Available on Flexible Basis • Minimum restrictions on existing assignments • Refarming regimes to minimise downtime • Licensing of additional spectrum as quickly as possible, without restrictions on use • Minimising impediments to trade and change of use • Consider synchronising transactions- the ‘big bang’ mec1595

  10. 2007 mec1595

  11. The UK Frequency Allocations 20XX? Not Allocated 3kHz Not Allocated Not Allocated Not Allocated Not Allocated 300 GHz mec1595

  12. The contribution of the public sector • Public sector users account for about half use of ‘beachfront spectrum’ in the EU • Typically, they- especially defence ministries- are subject to little scrutiny • Option 1-encourage spectrum release by monetary incentives and spectrum pricing • Option 2-make them part of the market system , as buyers or (more plausibly) sellers • see www.spectrumaudit.org.uk mec1595

  13. What Level of Harmonisation in the EU? • Focus on harmonisation of spectrum management techniques, not harmonisation of spectrum use • De facto harmonisation will follow from manufacturer/operator interaction, subject to competition • EU power needed to harmonise tradable frequencies etc. • Digital dividend is a test case. mec1595

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