Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony

1. Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony 1750-1900

2. Chronology • Begins with no particular event • Agricultural Revolution • Seven Year’s War, Industrial Revolution • 1798, France takes Egypt with a small expeditionary force • 1820’s, England tightens control over India • 1830’s, China is forced to open their markets to the west [Opium War] • 1850’s, England and France defeat Russia near its border [Crimean War]

3. Chronology continued • US forces Japan to open its markets in 1850’s [Admiral Perry] • American Civil war 1861-1865 [Industrial North over non-industrial south], guess who wins? • 1860-1900, Latin America, Africa, Polynesia colonized to a much larger degree • Era Closes before the outbreak of WWI, why?

4. Industrial Revolution • Led by Britain, then Western Europe and the United States • Technological change in the form of water, then coal powered engines (then fossil fuels) applied to production. • Automation was steadily applied to processes that had once been labor intensive. Output increased at an exponential rate

7. Industrial Revolution • Why Britain? Several favorable factors, • natural, • political, • economic, and • intellectual resources • Plus they had a population crisis caused by a revolution in agriculture.

9. Industrial Revolution • Followed previous European trends of a growing large manufacturing sector and huge advantages in world trade. • Governments supported technological innovation with policies of economic growth, instituting laws to encourage banking, trading, entrepreneurship and inventions. • Europe’s dominance in turn generated investment capital, profits from trade, and ultimately more market opportunities

13. Industrial Revolution • Origins of Industrialization • Enclosure Movement, Scientific Agriculture • Textiles • James Watt, Steam Engine 1770 • Factory System • Transportation technology: • Steam Ship • Locomotive • Telegraph

15. Industrial Revolution • Affect on Society and Culture • Mass Migrations • Rapid Urbanization • New Social Divisions erupted onto the world stage • Familial roles change in middle class, women take a step back in the merchant class from the previous era

16. Industrial Revolution • Middle Class began to embrace education and not apprenticeship as a means to success

17. Industrial Revolution • Effect upon the West • Increased Military Power with new weapons technology • Standardization of parts • Mass Production • New Forms of Transportation and Communication (Steamship, Railroad, Telegraph!!!) This is the means for the new dominance of Western Imperialism

18. What advantages do you have with a telegraph?

22. Suez Canal Suez canal opened in 1869

23. Industrial Revolution • Effect on the Global Markets was catastrophic • Areas that had been dependant on western goods in exchange for raw materials now were even more dependant • Areas that had previous manufacturing like China, India, and Latin America “de-industrialized” in the wake of their markets being flooded with cheap European goods

25. Lasting Effects • Eventually the world would be divided into groups that were industrial and those that were not. • Some Countries would seize upon the European model and attempt to industrialize themselves. • Those that succeeded were not subsumed in the oncoming tide. . .

27. Population Movements • Birth Rate declined as children became less important in the workplace (agriculture and factory) • Urbanization • Slave Trade ended • New Immigrants take the place of the slaves (Asian and European)

28. Demographic and Environmental Changes • End of Atlantic Slave Trade • New Birthrate Patterns • Disease prevention and eradication • Food Supply

29. 4 Reactions to Western Hegemony • Incorporation into an expanded Western Civilization with certain modifications on basic western patterns: US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand • Imitation of Western economic success without adopting western systems: Russia and Japan

30. Reactions to Western Hegemony • Losing territories, but maintaining a weak independent state: China and Ottoman • Colonized outright: Africa, India

31. Rise of Western Dominance Scramble for Africa

32. Major Forces in this Era? • Economic. Industrialization • Political. Imperialism • Social. Racism • Cultural. Western

33. Racism? • Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child. • Kipling

34. Global Society • Technology: Steam Ships, locomotives, telegraph increased the speed and volume of transport and communication • Suez (1869) and Panama canals (1914) • International Corporations • Cultural Globalization: • Soccer • Hollywood

35. Western Dominance of Global Society • Economic, Political, Social, Cultural, & Artistic

36. Key Terms? • Mercantilism • Capitalism • Utopian Socialism • Communism (Manifesto 1848) • Why did Communism not spread throughout the world? • Democracy, Trade Unions, Increasing Standard of Living

37. Key Terms? • Luddites • Vertical and Horizontal Integration, Monopoly/Cartel/Trust • Demographic Transition model

38. This is Rostow

40. Break Down this Document

41. Quiz • EOYOPKYAC • ‘I have neither given nor received and unauthorized assistance on this assignment’

42. Question One • Who invented the steam engine?

43. two • Name one of two countries that were able to Industrialize very late in the era of 1750-1900

44. three • Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?

45. bonus • What was the first country to have a truly GLOBAL empire?