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Academic Writing. Academic Writing. Academic writing should be : Accurate Objective Evidenced. Making notes from readings. Underline or highlight relevant information Write notes with your question in mind Record sources carefully and in an organised manner Scanning techniques
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Academic Writing • Academic writing should be : • Accurate • Objective • Evidenced
Making notes from readings • Underline or highlight relevant information • Write notes with your question in mind • Record sources carefully and in an organised manner • Scanning techniques • Skimming techniques
Aims TO BE: • Clear • Complete • Concise • Precise • Coherent
Harvard Referencing System • Also known as parenthetical referencing • Most common method for citing references in your assignments and dissertations
Where does the “proof" come from? • Books • Journals • Websites • Newspapers • Government reports • Conference papers • Other media
Can you use? • Wikipedia
How to reference in your text • There are three ways in which you can do this • 1. Quoting/Citing • 2. Summarising • 3. Paraphrasing • All three should contain an in-text reference.
Quotation/ Citation • This is using someone else’s verbatim i.e. their exact words • Lends power to your argument • The original does need to be powerful in order to be effective • Should not be used too often • Still needs to be commented on and integrated into your discussion
Quoting/citing in-text • Scott (2010, p. 25) suggests that ‘it is not easy to offer a generally acceptable definition of religion’. • It is suggested that ‘it is not easy to offer a generally acceptable definition of religion’ (Scott, 2010, p.25) Forexample:
Citations cont. • Blend practice with theory • This business was created using the xxx model. In line with the research done by Bloggs (2007), this should have resulted in…
Summarising • A summary of what the author says • Miss out unnecessary details • Use fewer words • A summary should have both an in-text reference and a reference at the end of the text
Example of an in-text summary • To define religion is a complex undertaking (Scott 2010)
Paraphrasing • Using the idea of an author but not his/her exact words • The meaning should be the same • Paraphrase the opinion of two different authors • Shows you can categorise ideas (more marks). Example of an in-text paraphrase: • Scott (2010) suggests that to explain the meaning of religion is a rather complex task to undertake.
Quotation or Paraphrase? • “It’s believed that this course of treatment could have contributed towards the death of nine patients at the General Hospital” (Doctor news, 2000. P207) • Doctor news,(2000)suggests the deaths of nine patients may be blamed on that course of treatment.
Resources – Games & Stimulations • http://library.acadiau.ca/sites/default/files/library/tutorials/plagiarism/ • http://www.lycoming.edu/library/instruction/tutorials/itsAlive.aspx • http://library.camden.rutgers.edu/EducationalModule/Plagiarism/quiz.html • http://www.lycoming.edu/library/instruction/tutorials/plagiarismGame.aspx • http://www.lib.utexas.edu/services/instruction/learningmodules/sjs/sjs-output.