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GRAPHIC SCIENCE

GRAPHIC SCIENCE. MEL 110. WELCOME. Name of teacher – Dr. Rahul Ribeiro Office: 174 Block III Email: rribeiro@mech.iitd.ac.in Off: 011-26591034 Cell: 9910683606 Personal home page- http://web.iitd.ac.in/~rribeiro/

isaiah-lester
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GRAPHIC SCIENCE

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  1. GRAPHIC SCIENCE MEL 110

  2. WELCOME • Name of teacher – Dr. Rahul Ribeiro • Office: 174 Block III • Email:rribeiro@mech.iitd.ac.in • Off: 011-26591034 • Cell: 9910683606 • Personal home page- http://web.iitd.ac.in/~rribeiro/ • You can also access it by going to ME dept. – faculty – Rahul Ribeiro – personal web page • All powerpoint files used in this class and other instructions will be available at my homepage under “courses”.

  3. Syllabus and text • Lettering • Dimensioning • Projections(Orthographic, Axonometric, Isometric, Oblique, Perspective) • Geometric constructions • Auxiliary projections • Projections of lines, planes, solids • Intersection of surfaces • Sectioning • Development of surfaces • Computer Aided Drawing Text books: Fundamentals of Engg. Drawing by Luzadder and Engineering drawing by N. D. Bhatt

  4. Classes and marks weightage • Venue, timings: • 2 hrs. of lecture: TUE and WED 10.00 – 11.00 am in Block III LT2 • 4 hrs. of Practical in Work Shop 204 • Weightage: • Tutorial and practical - 40% • Two minor tests – 15% each • Major test – 30%

  5. Instructions for equipment • First 3 tutorials/practicals – Will be done on tracing sheets. Below the tracing sheets you will place graph or isometric sheets • You will also need to bring HB pencils and eraser (no other instruments will be allowed) • Position of lines and points will be guided by the graph and isometric sheets below • All items are available in the SCOOPS shop or at nearby stationary shops

  6. Instructions for equipment (contd.) • Tutorial 4 onwards you will bring the following • Approximately 21.5 x 15 in. drawing sheets • Cello tape for fixing sheet to desk • Compass (small and big) • Divider • Pencils (H and 2H) • Mini drafter • Metric scale and eraser

  7. Mini Drafter (Tutorial 4 onwards) A mini drafter is a portable device used to draw parallel, inclined and perpendicular lines speedily. It is mounted on a drawing board at the top left corner. A drafter consists of a scale, a scale screw, a scale plate, steel bars, a bar plate and a clamping mechanism

  8. Additional instructions • Each tutorial will be given marks out of 10 • All work is to be completed within the 4 practical hrs. • Students are required to attend every lecture and tutorial • You can miss upto certain number of classes and practicals for sickness and other contingenciesONLY WITH APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION AND APPROVAL • A missed practical is to be completed within 5 days from the day of absence by attending a different sections practical session

  9. Borders and title block

  10. What is Engineering Graphics? • Pictorial representation of an engineering component • Made up of points, lines, curves • Follows certain rules of representation Top view Top viewing direction Front viewing direction Front view Cone

  11. Example: sectional view of hand wheel R12 Shot blast

  12. Section B-B Section A-A

  13. LINES • Lines are like the alphabet of a drawing language. • Each line is used in a specific sense • A line may be straight, curved, continuous or segmented • Segmented may consist of dashes or dots or both • It may be thick, medium or thin • Pencil choice: Harder grade for thin lines, softer grade for thick lines • H – Thick and medium • 2H – Thin • HB – Freehand • You can also use H for all purposes but make sure to vary intensity by varying hand pressure

  14. Different types of lines Ref: Engg. Drawing, by Jolhe, McGraw-Hill

  15. Ref: Engg. Drawing, by Jolhe, McGraw-Hill

  16. Lettering • Writing of titles, dimensions, notes and other important particulars on a drawing is known as lettering. • It should be done in clear, uniform, legible style. • The main titles are generally written in 6mm to 8mm size, sub-titles in 3mm to 6mm size, while notes, dimension etc. in 3mm to 5 mm size. • For maintaining uniformity in size, thin and light guide lines may first be drawn and lettering may then be done between them. • Use graph sheets to determine the spacing. • Inclined lettering is drawn at 75o to the horizontal

  17. Dimensions of lettering

  18. Example Gap 1mm 5mm 4mm Draw in single stroke

  19. DRAWINGS: ( A Graphical Representation) The Fact about: If compared with Verbal or Written Description, Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance of any object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time. Hence it has become the Best Media of Communication not only in Engineering but in almost all Fields.

  20. Drawings (Some Types) Portraits ( human faces, expressions etc.) Botanical Drawings ( plants, flowers etc.) Nature Drawings ( landscape, scenery etc.) Geographical Drawings ( maps etc.) Zoological Drawings (creatures, animals etc.) Engineering Drawings, (projections.) Machine component Drawings Building Related Drawings. Orthographic Projections 2-D Views Isometric ( Mech.Engg.Term.) 3-D View

  21. 1 2 3 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS: IT IS A TECHNICAL DRAWING IN WHICH DIFFERENT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT ARE PROJECTED ON DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANES OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESPECTIVE REFERENCE PLANE Different Reference planes are Horizontal Plane (HP), Vertical Frontal Plane ( VP ) Side Or Profile Plane ( PP) And Different Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV) FV is a view projected on VP.TV is a view projected on HP.SV is a view projected on PP. IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS: Planes. Pattern of planes & Pattern of views Methods of drawing Orthographic Projections

  22. THIS QUADRANT PATTERN, IF OBSERVED ALONG X-Y LINE ( IN RED ARROW DIRECTION) WILL EXACTLY APPEAR AS SHOWN ON RIGHT SIDE AND HENCE, IT IS FURTHER USED TO UNDERSTAND ILLUSTRATION PROPERLLY. 2nd Quadrant VP 1ST Quad. 2nd Quad. F.V. 1st Quadrant Y Observer HP X Y X 3rdQuadrant Observer 4th Quad. 3rd Quad. 4th Quadrant

  23. FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION FOR T.V. PP VP FOR S.V. FOR F.V. FV LSV Y X TV HP IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP. P.P. V.P. S.V. F.V. OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE. OBJECT Open the planes out ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS

  24. THIS IS A PICTORIAL SET-UP OF ALL THREE PLANES. ARROW DIRECTION IS A NORMAL WAY OF OBSERVING THE OBJECT. BUT IN THIS DIRECTION ONLY VP AND A VIEW ON IT (FV) CAN BE SEEN. THE OTHER PLANES AND VIEWS ON THOSE CAN NOT BE SEEN. TO MAKE THOSE PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION, A) HP IS ROTATED 900 DOUNWARD B) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION. THIS WAY BOTH PLANES ARE BROUGHT IN THE SAME PLANE CONTAINING VP. Click to view Animation On clicking the button if a warning comes please click YES to continue, this program is safe for your pc. PP VP Y X HP ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS DRAWN IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method) 2 PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM:- Y X FV LSV Y X TV PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE 900 AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. HP IS ROTATED DOWNWARD 900 AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.

  25. NOTE • Front view is also known as ELEVATION • Top view is also known as PLAN

  26. TV FV Y X Y X FV TV L G 3 Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections Third Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object in 3rd Quadrant. ( Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y) First Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object in 1st Quadrant ( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y ) SYMBOLIC PRESENTATION OF BOTH METHODS WITH AN OBJECT STANDING ON HP ( GROUND) ON IT’S BASE. NOTE:- HP term is used in 1st Angle method & For the same Ground term is used in 3rd Angle method of projections

  27. FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION FOR T.V. PP VP FOR S.V. FOR F.V. FV LSV Y X TV HP IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP. P.P. V.P. S.V. F.V. OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE. OBJECT ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS

  28. FOR T.V. FOR S.V. FOR F.V. THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. ) PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT. P.P. V.P. OBJECT TV X Y S.V. F.V. FV LSV ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS

  29. FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION FOR T.V. PP VP FOR S.V. FOR F.V. FV LSV Y X TV HP IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP. P.P. V.P. S.V. F.V. OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE. OBJECT ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS

  30. FOR T.V. FOR S.V. FOR F.V. THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. ) PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT. P.P. V.P. OBJECT TV X Y S.V. F.V. FV LSV ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS

  31. x y 1 FOR T.V. S.V. F.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW FOR F.V. FOR S.V. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD TOP VIEW

  32. X Y 3 FOR T.V. S.V. F.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS L.H.SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW FOR F.V. FOR S.V. TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

  33. FOR T.V. X Y FOR S.V. FOR F.V. 4 S.V. F.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS L.H.SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

  34. FOR T.V. X Y FOR S.V. FOR F.V. 5 F.V. S.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

  35. FOR T.V. X Y FOR S.V. FOR F.V. 6 S.V. F.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

  36. TUT1 Qs. 3 Sketch the 3 orthographic projections in 1st. angle

  37. FOR T.V. FOR F.V. X Y FOR S.V. 2 S.V. F.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 37

  38. TUT 1.Qs. 4 Sketch the orthographic views in 3rd. angle

  39. End of lecture

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