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Intellectual Disability or Mental Retardation. KNR 270. DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES. Intellectual disability (Mental retardation) Cerebral palsy Epilepsy Autism. Intellectual Disability. More frequently used outside US Increasing use in US
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DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES • Intellectual disability • (Mental retardation) • Cerebral palsy • Epilepsy • Autism
Intellectual Disability • More frequently used outside US • Increasing use in US • AAMR (American Association on Mental Retardation) is now AAIDD (American Association on Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities) • 1/2007 • 7-8 million in US • 1% of total population • 1/10 families impacted • U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Service • Other sources: 3% of total population • Carter, Van Andel, & Robb, 2003
MENTAL RETARDATION DEFINITION • Significantly subaverage intellectual function • Concurrent with limitations in adaptive skills • 2 or more • Manifested before 18 • Person/environment interaction • Similar definition APA in DSM-TR IV & AAMR
Communication Home living Using community resources Work Free time Academic achievement Self-care Self-direction Social & interpersonal skills Health Safety Adaptive Skills
MENTAL RETARDATION (old)Functional Levels • %AAMREDUCATORS • 89% 55-70 mild 50-75 educable (EMR) • 6% 40-55 moderate • 3.5% 25-40 severe 25-50 trainable (TMR) • 1.5% 0-25 profound 0-25 profound
MENTAL RETARDATION (New) • Functional level • Mild • Moderate • Support level (resources/strategies) • Intermittent: As needed • Limited: Short time intervals • Extensive: Regular basis in some environments • Pervasive: Consistent
Mental Retardation • Many causes • 3 major causes • Fetal alcohol syndrome • Down syndrome • Fragile X syndrome • 1/3 causes unknown • Prolonged labor • Low birth weight • Older mothers • Shaken baby syndrome
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Caused by mother drinking • Mental & physical birth defects • Growth deficits • Central nervous system dysfunction • Behavioral maladjustments • Fetal Alcohol Effect is less severe set of same symptoms • www.jau.wvu.edu
Fragile X Syndrome • Hereditary • Range of severity • May have behavioral disorders • May have speech & language delays • Trouble processing sounds, sight, smell, sensations, • Do not like to be touched • More severe in males
Down Syndrome • Genetic (extra genetic material from 21st chromosome) • Flaccid muscles / motor problems • Small fingers and hands /coordination problems • Large tongues & small mouth /language problems • Congenital heart defects (40-45%) • Lung problems • Obesity • Stubborn (central nervous system)
Down Syndrome • Hearing deficits (60-80%) • Premature aging • Early onset Alzheimer’s (age 40) • Atlantoaxial instability (10-20%) • Excessive movement in C1/C2 joint • Doctor’s clearance for SO/sports • Not involve in gymnastics, diving, butterfly swimming stroke, soccer, etc.
Co-Existing Conditions • Cerebral Palsy • Seizure Disorder • Vision Impairment • ADHD • More severe, more likely to have co-existing
Considerations/Accommodations • Assess functional level • Small concrete steps (task analysis) • Allow more time to complete tasks • Repetition • Practice time • Modeling (Demonstrate vs. describe) • Age appropriate • Skills & staff interaction • No baby talk
Considerations/Accommodations • Have high expectations • May learn slowly • Teach to generalize skills to different environments • Routines • Praise • Facilitate social interaction & appropriate social behaviors • Encourage physical activity • Best Buddies • Others?????