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Section 3-GTR

Political and Economical Systems. What types of human systems provide the power for groups of people to control Earth’s surface? . Section 3-GTR. Political and Economical Systems. unitary system. democracy traditional economy market economy mixed economy command economy. federal system

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Section 3-GTR

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  1. Political and Economical Systems What types of human systems provide the power for groups of people to control Earth’s surface?  Section 3-GTR

  2. Political and Economical Systems • unitary system • democracy • traditional economy • market economy • mixed economy • command economy • federal system • autocracy • monarchy • oligarchy Section 3-GTR

  3. Political and Economical Systems A. United States B. Saudi Arabia C. United Kingdom D. China E. Vietnam Section 3-GTR

  4. Figure 7

  5. Features of Government Territory, population, and sovereignty influence levels and types of governments in countries around the world. • Levels of government • Most countries have several levels of government, ranging from the national level to the village level. Section 3

  6. Features of Government (cont.) • Two types of government systems are: • Unitary—the United Kingdom and France use this system. • Federal—the United States, Canada and Switzerland are three of many countries that use this system. Section 3

  7. Features of Government (cont.) • All governments belong to one of three major groups: • Autocracy—rule by one person • A monarchy is another form of autocratic government. • Oligarchy—rule by a few people • Democracy—rule by many people Section 3

  8. Economic Systems The three major economic systems are traditional economy, market economy, and command economy. • All economic systems must make three basic economic decisions: • What and how many goods and services should be produced Section 3

  9. Economic Systems (cont.) • How should they be produced • Who gets the goods and services that are produced • These decisions are made differently in the three major economic systems: • Traditional—habit and custom determine the rules. • Market—this economy is based on free enterprise, the idea that private individuals or groups have the right to own property or businesses and make a profit with only limited government interference. Section 3

  10. Economic Systems (cont.) • Most market economies are actually mixed economies. • Command—the government controls the economy is this system. Section 3

  11. Economic Systems (cont.) • Two types of command economies: • Communist—strict government control of the entire society • Socialist—three main goals of this type of economy: • An equitable distribution of wealth and economic opportunity • Society’s control, through its government, makes decisions about public goods. • Public ownership of services and factories that are essential. Section 3

  12. Resources, Trade, and the Environment How does the availability and use of natural resources affect economic activities and the environment? Section 4-GTR

  13. Resources, Trade, and the Environment • natural resource • developing country • free trade • pollution • industrialization • developed country • newly industrialized country Section 4-GTR

  14. Resources, Trade, and the Environment A. Malaysia B. European Union Section 4-GTR

  15. Resource Management Natural resources must be managed to ensure future needs. • Because fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, and other nonrenewable resources cannot be replaced, they must be conserved. Section 4

  16. Resource Management (cont.) • Alternative energy sources: • Hydroelectric power • Solar energy • Nuclear energy The Global Economy Section 4

  17. Economies and World Trade Countries with varying levels of economic development have become increasingly interdependent through world trade. • Geographers and economists classify all of the world’s economic activities into four types: • Primary economic activities—taking or using natural resources directly from the Earth Section 4

  18. Economies and World Trade (cont.) • Secondary economic activities—raw materials are used to produce something new and more valuable. • Tertiary economic activities—provide services to people and businesses • Quaternary economic activities—the processing, management, and distribution of information The Global Economy Section 4

  19. Economies and World Trade (cont.) • Factors affecting trade: • The unequal distribution of natural resources • Differences in labor costs • Differences in education levels Section 4

  20. Economies and World Trade (cont.) • Barriers to trade: • Tariffs • Embargos • A quota on the quantity of a product that can be imported from a country • Many governments around the world have moved toward free trade. World Economic Trends Section 4

  21. People and the Environment Economic activities have led to environmental pollution. • The water, land, and air have all been polluted due to human activity. • When humans harm natural ecosystems, they are also hurting themselves. Section 4

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