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Russian Revolution

Russian Revolution. Monica Ellen Rizzo. The Tsars. The Long Dynasty. Ivan IV the Terrible1533–15841530 Theodore I1584–15981557 Boris Godunov1598–1605c.1551 Theodore II1605–16051589 Demetrius I 2 1605–1606? Basil IV Shuiski1606–1610 3 ? “Time of Troubles”1610–1613—

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Russian Revolution

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  1. Russian Revolution Monica Ellen Rizzo

  2. The Tsars

  3. The Long Dynasty • Ivan IV the Terrible1533–15841530 • Theodore I1584–15981557 • Boris Godunov1598–1605c.1551 • Theodore II1605–16051589 • Demetrius I21605–1606? • Basil IV Shuiski1606–16103? • “Time of Troubles”1610–1613— • Michael Romanov1613–16451596Alexis I1645–16761629Theodore III1676–16821656Ivan V1682–168951666Peter I the Great41682–17251672Catherine I1725–1727c.1684Peter II1727–17301715Anna1730–17401693Ivan VI1740–174161740Elizabeth1741–17621709Peter III1762–17621728Catherine II the Great1762–17961729Paul I1796–18011754Alexander I1801–18251777Nicholas I1825–18551796Alexander II1855–18811818Alexander III1881–18941845Nicholas II1894–I1801–18251777Nicholas I1825–18551796Alexander II1855–18811818Alexander III1881–18941845 • Nicholas II1894–191771868

  4. Czar or Tsar • Either spelling is acceptable in English • The word originated in Russian with the Cyrillic Alphabet

  5. Absolute Monarchy • The Tsars were absolute Monarchs • They ruled completely • They had no Constitution or Parliament • All power rested in the Tsar or Tsarina

  6. Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution came late to Russia While other countries were advancing Russia remained an agricultural society with a system of Lords and serfs Much of the peasant population suffered stark poverty A few Nobles and Priests lived well

  7. Growing Pains • As Russia began to catch up with western Europe a small middle class and urban working class began to develop

  8. Revolutionary Movements • Rapid Industrialization created discontent • Long hours in factories • Child Labor • Low wages • The government outlawed trade unions • Workers organized strikes

  9. Competing Marxists • Marxist revolutionaries believed that the industrial class of workers would overthrow the Tsar • Then these workers would form a dictatorship of the Proletariat • The workers would rule the country

  10. 1903 • The Russian Marxists split into two parties because they disagreed on revolutionary tactics. • The moderate Mensheviks wanted a broad base of support for the revolution. • The radical Bolsheviks supported a small group of committed revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything for change.

  11. Why can’t we all just get along?

  12. Vladimir Lenin • Born Vladimir Ulyanov changed name to Lenin • Lenin had an engaging personality • He was an excellent organizer • And Musician…

  13. OOPS • Wrong Lennon

  14. Lenin was also Ruthless

  15. Lenin Flees • In the early 1900’s Lenin flees to western Europe to avoid arrest by the Tsar • He maintained contacts with the Bolsheviks • Lenin waited until it was safe to return

  16. Russo-Japanese War • Competition for Korea and Manchuria • Massive Russian losses • Most of the Russian Navy destroyed

  17. Revolution 1905 • 200,000 workers and their families brought a petition to the Tsar asking for better working conditions • The Tsar’s soldiers fired killing 1000 • An elected Duma was established but had no real power • Moderates pushed for a constitution • The Tsar resisted

  18. World War 1 • At first this united the Russians behind the Tsar • Soon the war would strain the country • Millions died • Losing battles • Food and fuel shortages

  19. Meanwhile back at the Palace

  20. March or February • In March of 1917 the monarchy collapsed • A provisional government was established

  21. Lenin Returns • Peace Land and Bread • The Bolsheviks topple the provisional government • Lenin orders all farmland distributed to the peasants • Control of factories turned over to the workers • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

  22. The Last Tsar

  23. Civil War • The Whites vs. the Reds (Bolsheviks) • Whites are very fragmented • Some want return of Tsar • Some want Democracy • Some want Socialism but not Lenin’s

  24. Leon Trotsky • Expertly commanded the Red army from 1918-1920 • 14 million Russians died in the civil war and the famine that followed

  25. Lenin Restores Order • New economic policy (small scale capitalism) • Slow recovery • Political reforms • Bolshevicks become the COMMUNIST PARTY • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • Lenin becomes a dictator

  26. Stalin • Lenin suffers a stroke and Trotsky and Stalin battle for control • Lenin says “Comrade Stalin…has concentrated enormous power in his hands and I am not sure that he always knows how to use that power with sufficient caution.”

  27. Lenin had no idea…

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