Presentation Transcript

1. Technology Timeline Project:Toffler’s Waves & Beyond

   Heather L. Fisher EDUC 7100 Dr. Henry Pratt November 2009
2. Toffler’s Waves…Extended? Agricultural Age – 1st Wave: Wave Begins - 8000 BC Wave Completed - 1750 AD Industrial Age – 2nd Wave: Wave Begins – 1750 AD Wave Completed – 1950 AD Information Age – 3rd Wave: Wave Begins – 1950 AD Wave Incomplete – not all members of society have equal access Communication Age – 4th Wave Wave Begins - ~2000 AD Wave is ongoing…
3. Agricultural Age – 1st Wave People dependent on land for food and livelihood Extended families live together to meet needs Communication limited – in person communication, Pony Express, etc. During this age travel is by foot, horseback, or horse and carriage
4. Industrial Age – 2nd Wave People begin to work outside the home – factory work, town stores, etc. Families begin to separate – no longer need as many people to provide living Growth of industry – factories, warehouses, etc. Automobiles, planes, and trains are available for transportation Communication becomes easier – phones, mail service extended, telegraph, etc.
5. Information Age – 3rd Age Single family homes are the norm Both parents working outside the norm Technology more common in workplace – computers, fax machines, cellular phones, etc. Children enjoy electronic amusements – video games, Internet, RC toys, etc.
6. Communication Age – 4th Wave Portable learning and communication via cell phones, Ipods, and laptops Wireless communications is prevalent Online classes and Virtual classrooms available Texting, instant messaging, and e-mail are avenues of communication
7. Key Technology: 1900-1909 1901 – Marconi makes transatlantic telephone call 1903 – First moving picture released – “The Great Train Robbery” 1903 – Wright brothers take first flight 1905 – Einstein’s Theory of Relativity “e=mc2 “ 1908 – Ford releases Model T automobile 1908 – Vail creates first telephone headset 1910 – Forerunner of IBM formed from merger of three companies – Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR Co.)
8. Work and Business: 1900-1909 1901 – Congress votes on adoption of metric system as standard for weights & measures 1903 – Ford Motor company founded 1907 – “Panic of 1907” financial crisis 1908 – Vail standardizes telephone headsets
9. Education: 1900-1909 Average teacher salary $325 annually 1901- 1st educational films 1904 – Dewey – students learn best from world around them 1907 – Montessori method of individual needs Behaviorism begins to take hold
10. Society & Culture: 1900-1909 1901 – President Theodore Roosevelt 1901 – Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams 1904 – Panama Canal begun 1906 – Sinclair publishes The Jungle 1906 – Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act passed to protect consumers 1909 – NAACP founded 1909 – President Taft
11. Medicine: 1900-1909 1901 – ABO blood groups discovered 1906 – Hopkins proposes existence of vitamins 1907 – 1st skin test for TB 1908 – 1st successful blood transfusion using ABO typing system
12. Key Technology: 1910-1919 1912 – hand-cranked movie camera replaced by motorized camera 1914 – Ford’s automatic conveyor belt able to produce a car every 93 minutes 1915 – First transatlantic telephone call 1917 – Sonar invented 1919 – Radio first broadcast
13. Work and Business: 1910-1919 1913 – Automobile assembly line revolutionizes factory production 1914 – Ford standardizes pay scale and increases minimum wage in his factory 1919 – 1st transatlantic flight makes distance travel feasible 1920 – Hanes Knitting Company expands product line During WWI, women leave the home and enter the workforce in new areas
14. Education: 1910-1919 1909 – Junior High Schools begin in California 1911 – The Edison Company begins series of educational films 1912 – Burk develops individualized approach – lessons allow students to learn at own rate 1913 – Watson’s Behaviorist Manifesto 1914 – Educational Motion Picture Bureau, Inc. produce 1st syllabi with films 1916 – Dewey’s Democracy & Education 1917 – Thorndike Arithmetics published 1918 – 1st official teacher education course at Univ. of Minnesota 1919 – Visual instruction movement begins
15. Society & Culture: 1910-1919 Travel becoming popular – by boat, train, car 1910 – Boy Scouts of America established 1912 – President Wilson 1912 – Titanic sinks 1913 – Federal Income Tax 1914 – World War I begins Women take more active role outside home 1918-1919 – Spanish Influenza pandemic globally
16. Medicine: 1910-1919 1910 – Iodine first used as antiseptic 1911 – Mechanism of human heart beat documented 1913 – White pioneers use of ECG 1918-1919 – Spanish Influenza pandemic
17. Key Technology: 1920-1929 1921 – Einstein wins Nobel Prize for theories on photoelectric effect 1923 – 1st movies with sound – “Talkies” 1923 – Television created 1924 – CTR Co. officially becomes IBM Corporation, having outgrown its roots 1927 – 1st commercial radio network formed with 16 stations – United Independent Broadcasters 1929 – Bell Telephone Laboratories gives first public demonstration of color TV broadcast
18. Work and Business: 1920-1929 1923 – Frozen foods available, more food available to masses in and out of season 1929 – Paper currency standardized, making detection of counterfeit bills easier 1929 – Stock market crash ends “Roaring Twenties” air of progress and success, harbinger of Great Depression Women stayed in the workforce after WWI over Mass production of automobiles allows for commuting, better transport of goods, and travel for leisure
19. Education: 1920-1929 This decade saw 3 stages of the Visual Instruction Movement – school museums, slide libraries, and educational film libraries The Motion Picture Project of the American Council on Education led to a series of films out of Yale University and led to many instructional techniques 1925 – Supreme Court rules that students may attend private schools instead of public schools 1925 – Scopes Monkey Trial debates teaching of evolution
20. Society & Culture: 1920-1929 The Roaring 20s are a prosperous, free-spirited time with a fast pace 1920 – US women granted right to vote 1921 – President Harding, Teapot Dome scandal 1923 – President Coolidge 1929 – President Hoover
21. Medicine: 1920-1929 1921 – The Band-Aid invented 1921 – Determined that Vitamin D deficiency causes ricketts 1922 – Insulin first used to treat diabetes 1928 – Fleming discovers penicillin
22. Key Technology: 1930-1939 1931 – DuPont Chemical Corporation explores artificial materials – inventing nylon and neoprene 1932 – Polaroid camera created 1932 – Public Television Broadcasting begins 1933 – E. H. Armstrong invents Frequency Modulation (FM) for radio broadcasting 1935 – Radar invented 1935 – Electronic typewriter invented 1937 – C. F. Carlson invents photocopier 1939 – Atomic energy discovered
23. Work and Business: 1930-1939 The Great Depression strikes America – large portions of the population out of work 1932 – 1 in 4 workers unemployed Drought in mid-west leads to Dust Bowl 1939 – manufacturing increases, easing depression 1935 – Social Security Act, Wagner Act 1938 – Wages and Hours Act passed Mechanical accounting machinery, calculators, and cash registers allows for more efficient business
24. Education: 1930-1939 1931 – “Dick and Jane” readers first published 1932 – Public Television Broadcasting begins 1932 – Department of Visual Instruction proposes teacher training in visual education be required 1933 – Many schools close because of Depression 1934 – FCC created – radio becomes briefly important in education 1935 – Film and Radio Guides – fosters cooperation between schools and theatrical motion pictures
25. Society & Culture: 1930-1939 The Great Depression and Dust Bowl cause unemployment and hunger Social Security Act, Wagner Act, public works projects designed to help citizens with difficulties 1932 – Amelia Earhart 1st woman to fly solo across Atlantic Ocean 1933 – President Franklin Roosevelt, New Deal 1934 – Jesse Owens wins gold at Berlin Olympics 1936 – Orson Wells broadcasts War of the Worlds 1937 – Hindenburg disaster 1937 – Earhart disappears 1939 – World War II begins in Europe
26. Medicine: 1930-1939 1935 – Cortisone used to treat rheumatoid arthritis for 1st time 1935 – 1st vaccine – for yellow fever – developed 1935 – 1st sulfa drug discovered 1937 – 1st blood bank – in Chicago 1937 – 1st heart-lung machine
27. Key Technology: 1940-1949 1940 – Color television 1942 –Fermi’s team creates atomic power 1943 – Cousteau & Gagnon create aqualung 1944 – Harvard MARK I computer, weighs ~5 tons 1945 – ENIAC computer completed 1946 – Microwave oven invented 1947 – First mobile phone invented
28. Work and Business: 1940-1949 WWII causes increase in manufacturing jobs and return of women to workforce Financial strategists research economic/trade solutions beginning in early 40s The World Bank, International Monetary Fund, General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade are the result by 1948 – Curta portable mechanical calculator
29. Education: 1940-1949 1941 – 1st office of Education Training Films developed for military Use of films in training extensive 1944 – GI Bill signed by FDR 1946 – Mendez vs Westminster & California Board of Education – ruled unlawful to education Mexican children separately – sets precedent for Brown vs Board of Education 1947 – Institute of Communication Research at University of Illinois
30. Society & Culture: 1940-1949 1941 – Pearl Harbor attacked by Japanese – US enters World War II 1945 – President Truman 1945 - Manhattan Project develops atomic bomb Bombs dropped on Japanese cities of Hiroshima & Nagasaki to force Japanese surrender 1946 – Winston Churchill coins term “Iron Curtain” in a speech 1947 – Jackie Robinson integrates baseball 1949 – NATO established
31. Medicine: 1940-1949 1940 – 1st synthetic penicillin produced 1942 – Dussik publishes 1st paper on ultrasound 1943 – Antibiotic streptomycin discovered 1945 – 1st vaccine for influenza 1949 – 1st intraocular lens implanted
32. Key Technology: 1950-1959 1950 – 1st credit card available 1951 – UNIVAC computer 1952 – 1st hydrogen bomb 1953 – IBM introduces the 701, the first IBM computer 1954 – 1st photovoltaic cells 1956 – First computer hard disk used 1957 – 1st nuclear power plant reaches full design power 1957 – Sputnik I launched 1958 – 1st integrated processor, or microchip
33. Work and Business: 1950-1959 1951 – UNIVAC computer able to process large amounts of data 1954 – 1st programmable industrial robot 1958 – Microchip begins era of miniaturization of machinery needed for business 1959 – Concept of Gross National Product introduced
34. Education: 1950-1959 1950 – Piaget models of cognitive development in children 1953 – Skinner publishes Science and Human Behavior 1954 – Supreme Court rules on Brown vs Board of Education - beginning of equality in schools 1957 – 1st teaching machines introduced
35. Society & Culture: 1950-1959 Television increasingly popular Tension building between US and USSR Cold War – no physical altercations, only the threat 1950 – Korean War begins 1951 – Truman signs peace treaty with Japan 1953 – President Eisenhower 1955 – Disneyland opens 1955 – Rosa Parks – begins Civil Rights Movement 1957 – Launch of Sputnik I sparks “Space Race” with Soviet Union
36. Medicine: 1950-1959 1950 – 1st cardiac pacemaker 1953 – Structure of DNA discovered 1953 – Gibbon performs 1st open heart surgery 1954 – 1st kidney transplant 1955 – Salk develops polio vaccine 1955 – 1st contraceptive pill
37. Key Technology: 1960-1969 1960 – Laser invented 1960 – 1st weather satellite 1962 – 1st computer game 1964 – BASIC language invented 1965 – Optical disk patented 1965 – Texas Instruments creates 1st portable calculator 1966 – RCA mobile radio 1966 – Fiber optics created
38. Work and Business: 1960-1969 1960 – OPEC formed – controls fuel prices Discount chain stores first open – increases competition with local stores 1962 – Telstar communications satellite launched Amount of technology available for business rapidly increases Affirmative action influences who gets jobs
39. Education: 1960-1969 1960 – 1st African American attends elementary school in New Orleans 1963 – Supreme Court rules to remove Bible reading and prayer from schools 1963 – Keller’s personalized system of instruction 1964 – ERIC created as clearinghouse for educational information 1969 – Portable calculator eases mathematic calculations
40. Society & Culture: 1960-1969 1961 – President Kennedy – Bay of Pigs 1961 – Peace Corps founded 1961 – Soviets launch 1st man into space 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 – Affirmative Action begins 1963 – JFK assassination, President Johnson 1963 – MLK “I Have a Dream” speech 1965 – US troops to Vietnam 1966 – FDIC formed 1969 – President Nixon 1969 – Apollo 12 lands on moon
41. Medicine: 1960-1969 1962 – Congress creates Medicare & Medicaid programs 1963 - Fogarty invents balloon embolectomy catheter 1964 – 1st vaccine for measles 1965 – Warning label first required on cigarette packaging 1965 – 1st portable defibrillator 1967 – 1st vaccine for mumps 1967 – 1st human heart transplant
42. Key Technology: 1970-1979 1970 –1st floppy disk 1971 – 1st VCR 1972 – 1st e-mail 1973 – Cell phones available 1975 – Bill Gates forms Microsoft 1977 – 1st home computers 1978 – Word processor available 1979 – 1st Walkman available
43. Work and Business: 1970-1979 Computers make workers more efficient, leading to loss of jobs 1971 – Floppy disk changes data storage capability 1972 – E-mail revolutionizes communications 1973 – Cellular phones increase communication capacity 1973 – OPEC embargo leads to energy crisis Research in alternate energy sources creates new jobs 1975 – Microsoft founded – software would change document handling in businesses – fewer secretaries needed Social changes affect the roles of women in the workplace
44. Education: 1970-1979 1971 – PLATO and TICCIT projects of Computer-Assisted Instruction begun 1973 – Rehabilitation Act establishes “504 Plans” to provide accommodations to students with non-special education disabilities 1977 – Availability of home computers begins to effect education Late 70s sees emergence of Cognitive theories of learning as an active process involving the brain
45. Society & Culture: 1970-1979 1970 – 1st Earth Day celebration 1971 – Greenpeace formed 1972 – Watergate scandal begins 1973 – Roe vs Wade – abortion legal in US 1973 – OPEC embargo – Energy Crisis begins 1974 – Nixon resigns – President Ford 1975 – Vietnam War ends 1977 – President Carter 1979 – Three Mile Island nuclear reactor accident raises controversy over nuclear power plants
46. Medicine: 1970-1979 1973 – 1st genetic engineering experiments undertaken 1974 – 1st vaccine for chicken pox 1978 – MRI scanner invented 1978 – 1st test-tube baby born 1978 – 1st vaccine for meningitis
47. Key Technology: 1980-1989 1980 – Nintendo Entertainment System 1981 – 1st IBM personal computer available 1981 – MS-DOS system 1983 – “Star Wars” defense system proposed 1984 – Apple Macintosh invented 1985 – Windows operating system released 1985 – CD-ROM first available
48. Work and Business: 1980-1989 The era of “Reaganomics” and the Yuppie A decade of corporations – hostile takeovers, big mergers, big buyouts, and the billionaire 1980 – Savings and Loan failure 1982 – Record unemployment The 80s saw an increased interest in energy-savings and energy efficiency – creating jobs in this area Political changes in Europe lead to increased international business The computer age is in full swing – first appearance of telecommuting
49. Education: 1980-1989 1980 – Microcomputer use reaches schools – mostly drill and practice, but also some CAI 1982 – Board of Education vs Pico – Supreme Court rules that books may not be removed from libraries by administrators because of content 1986 – Challenger space shuttle explodes – Christa McAuliffe was to have been 1st teacher in space – children across the country are watching the launch
50. Society & Culture: 1980-1989 1981 – President Reagan - Reaganomics 1981 – 1st woman on US Supreme Court “Cold War” with Soviet Union gives fear of nuclear holocaust to many 1984 – Live Aid concerts raise awareness of famine in Africa 1989 – President George H. Bush, Michael Gorbachev, glasnost 1989 – Exxon Valdez oil spill
51. Medicine: 1980-1989 1980 – Smallpox eradicated 1981 – 1st vaccine for hepatitis B 1982 – 1st artificial heart implanted 1983 – HIV virus identified 1984 – Technique for genetic fingerprinting developed 1985 – Artificial kidney dialysis machine invented 1987 – DNA evidence used for first time to convict a criminal
52. Key Technology: 1990-1999 1990 – World Wide Web and Internet protocol created by Berners-Lee 1993 – Pentium processor released 1993 – 1st GPS satellite 1997 – “Dolly “cloned This decade gave us firewall protection from viruses, spyware, and other hacker-created dangers online
53. Work and Business: 1990-1999 1990 – Unemployment at record low Jobs shifting from blue collar to more white collar Biotechnology and computer industry create many new jobs 1990 – Clean Air Act has impact on industry 1992 – World Wide Web changes communications 1993 – NavStar satellite system launched – increased travel easier with GPS 1994 – NAFTA causes changes for business Computers getting smaller and faster – business is more portable and efficient Computer literacy an important skill for first time Mobil phones become the norm, not the exception
54. Education: 1990-1999 1990 – IDEA law updated – provides for accommodations for special education students 1991 – Minnesota passes 1st charter school law Computer literacy becomes important for first time Computers are much more common in homes and schools, as well as business World Wide Web offers communication and research opportunities previously not possible
55. Society & Culture: 1990-1999 1990 – Iraq attacks Kuwait - Gulf War begins 1991 – Magic Johnson announces he is HIV+ 1992 – Cold War ends 1993 – World Trade Center in NYC bombed 1993 – President Clinton 1993 – Nelson Mandela freed in South Africa 1997 – Princess Diana dies 1998 – Monica Lewinsky scandal, President Clinton impeached
56. Medicine: 1990-1999 1992 – 1st vaccine for hepatitis A 1995 – Dolly the sheep is first cloned animal 1996 – Mad Cow Disease causes scare over tainted beef 1998 – Controversial stem cell research begins
57. Key Technology: 2000-2009 2001 – Apple releases the I-Pod 2002 – BlackBerry released 2003 – US joins negotiations for construction and operations of an international fusion project 2005 – YouTube created 2005 – Interactive Whiteboards available 2007 – Apple releases IPhone This decade has seen a vast increase in wireless technology
58. Work and Business: 2000-2009 Increased wireless capabilities lead to big changes – travel, telecommuting, communications Text and email are preferred by many to phone or mail Increased focus on environmentally friendly practices – going green is applauded Companies specializing in green technology growing 2008 – Banks fail WorldCom Chapter 11 protection is largest such filing in US history 2009 – US in economic recession, unemployment skyrockets 2008 – American Recovery & Reinvestment Act presents biomass technology opportunities – potential new job area
59. Education: 2000-2009 2001 – No Child Left Behind Act passes 2004 – IDEA law reauthorized and modified 2004 – Partnership for 21st Century Skills created to build collaborative relationships between education and business 2005 – Interactive Whiteboard technology available 2007 – Partnership for 21st Century Skills releases teacher resource, Route 21
60. Society & Culture: 2000-2009 2001 – President George W. Bush 2001 – 9-11 terrorist attacks – lead to passing of Patriot Act and formation of Department of Homeland Security 2002 – War in Afghanistan against Taliban 2003 – Space Shuttle Columbia explodes on re-entry from damaged heat shield 2003 – War in Iraq, Saddam Hussein overthrown, captured, tried, & executed 2008 – Barack Obama becomes first African American US President 2009 – Sotomayor becomes first Latina on US Supreme Court 2009 – Michael Jackson dies, doctor charged
61. Medicine: 2000-2009 2002 – SARS reported in China and scare spreads globally 2006 – 1st vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV) 2008-2009 – H1N1 influenza virus becomes pandemic