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PRINCIPLES OF COMPOUNDING

PRINCIPLES OF COMPOUNDING. Terrick Andey College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Florida A&M University. February 2013. SUSPENSIONS. Definition: a two phase system consisting of a coarse dispersion finely divided insoluble solids dispersed in a liquid

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PRINCIPLES OF COMPOUNDING

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  1. PRINCIPLES OF COMPOUNDING TerrickAndey College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Florida A&M University February 2013

  2. SUSPENSIONS • Definition: a two phase system consisting of a coarse dispersion finely divided insoluble solids dispersed in a liquid • Suspensions may be classified as: • Suspensions • Mixtures • Magmas • Gels • lotions

  3. SUSPENSIONS - Stability • Two stability issues for suspensions are: • Caking • Crystallization • Caking is prevented by the use of flocculating agents • Crystallization is attenuated by the use of viscosity enhancers • Wetting agents are used to enhance the uniform dispersion of powders

  4. SUSPENSIONS – Flocculating agents • Flocculating agents: electrolytes with an opposite charge to the net charge of the suspended particles • Flocculating agents facilitate the formation of floccules which are easily dispersible and prevent caking • Examples: KCl and NaCl

  5. SUSPENSIONS – Viscosity enhancers • Viscosity enhancers: also known as thickening agents or suspending agents • Thickens the dispersion medium thus, retarding the rate of sedimentation • Examples: acacia, agar, bentonite, gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, tragacanth, sodium alginate

  6. SUSPENSIONS – Wetting agents • Powders to be incorporated into suspensions must be wetted first • Wetting ensures uniform dispersion of particles in the dispersion medium • Powders can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic • Hydrophilic powders can be wetted with water or other polar substances (e.g. alcohol, glycerin) • Examples: ZnO, MgCO3 • Hydrophobic powders can be wetted glycerin, alcohol, or other organic solvents (e.g. mineral oil) • Examples: Sulphur, Charcoal

  7. SUSPENSIONS • Suspension: these are dispersion of solids in a liquid for oral administration • These are usually flavored or sweetened to enhance compliance

  8. LOTIONS • Definition: liquid suspensions or dispersions intended for external application to the body • Extemporaneous preparation involves the trituration of ingredients to a smooth paste and incorporation of remaining liquid phase • Example: Calamine Lotion

  9. LOTIONS – Calamine lotion Calamine Lotion Rx: Calamine 8 % Zinc Oxide 8 % Glycerin 2 % Bentonite Magma 25 % Calcium Hydroxide q.s. ad to 90 ml Procedure: • Dilute Bentonite Magma in a beaker with an equal volume of Calcium Hyrdoxide solution. • Mix the powder intimately in a glass mortar with the glycerin and about 9 ml of the diluted Bentonite Magma. • Triturate the mixture until a smooth paste is formed. • Gradually incorporate the remainder of the diluted Bentonite Magma. • Transfer the mixture into a three ounce bottle. • Add enough Calcium Hydroxide Solution to make 90 ml, and shake well.

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