Prescription & Illegal Drug Abuse Unit

1. Prescription & Illegal Drug Abuse Unit Unit 7 In Book Pg. 404-409 & 436-479

2. Terms P. 404-405 • Define the terms: Drug- Responsible Drug Use- Drug Misuse- Drug Abuse-

3. Drug- substance that changes the way the body or mind functions. Responsible Drug Use- taking appropriate amounts of a legal drug for it’s intended medical purpose. Drug Misuse-taking a legal drug for their intended purpose, but not correctly. Drug Abuse- taking a legal drug for reasons other than those intended or using any controlled substance. Medicine- drugs that help cure, lessen severity, relieve symptoms or prevent disease. Placebo- “sugar pill” psychological

4. Legal Drug Abusep. 407 OTC ( Nonprescription Drugs)- OTC drugs are safe if used correctly. OTC drugs can be overused, however both OTC & prescription drugs are given two names: generic & brand names. Both of these have active & inactive ingredients.

5. P. 406 Brand name- Generic- Therapeutical Equivilance

6. Brand vs. Genericp.406 • Generic must have same active ingredients as brand name, but has different inactive ingredients. active- ingredients used to relieve symptoms and cure illness. inactive- ingredients put in to add flavor or coloring, no medicinal purposes.

7. Examples Pain Relievers- relieves fever, pain and inflammation. 1. Bayer (Aspirin)- can irritate stomach. 2. Tylenol( Acetaminophen) 3. Advil (Ibuprofen)- can irritate stomach.

8. Reye’s Syndrome • Strong link with someone recovering from a viral illness and the use of aspirin. The rare but often fatal disease. The victims of this disease are often children under the age of 15. • This effects the brain and other internal organs.

9. Prescription Drugsp.406 • Taking prescription medication safely requires that you understand the diagnosis, know what the medicine is being prescribed for, and follow the instructions. Follow recommended guidelines for use, storage, disposal, and replacement of medicines.

10. Antibiotics- see handout • Define antibiotics • Identify 3 ways bacteria evolve to become resistant to drugs. • What is the primary reason bacteria become resistant. • Give an example of how the widespread of antibiotics has contributed to the problem of bacteria becoming resistant. (list 3 reasons)

11. Factors that Change Medicines’ Effects • The drug itself • Form in which you take the drug (pill, capsule, liquid, spray,cream) • Route in which the drug is taken • Did you take it with food • Age • Weight • Use of other drugs • Feelings • Their Health

12. 5 Ways Drugs are Takenp.405 1. Orally- most common 2. Injected- one of the most potent ways Intramuscular- Intravenous- 3. Inhaled- one of the most potent ways 4. Absorbed Suppository- Buccal- Sublingual- 5. Implanted

13. Drug Testing & Safety • Companies must prove that ingredients in medicines are safe and effective before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows them to sell their product. • Scientists study the risks of each drug compared with the benefits. Drugs that carry low risks to health in comparison to their benefits are more desirable in the treatment of disease.

14. Controlled Drug- a drug whose possession, manufacture, distribution, and sale are controlled by Federal Government. DEA Resources, For Students

15. Dosage Dose- amount taken at one time. 1. Therapeutic- desired results 2. Toxic- poisonious, causes harm 3. Lethal- results in death 4. Overdose- the act of taking a toxic or lethal dose.

16. Drug Interactions Antagonistic- reduces/blocks effect Synergistic- multiplies the effects of the drug

17. Addictionp. 458 Physical- the body’s chemistry actually changes, the body must actually have the drug to be able to function on a normal level. Physical drug addiction always has a psychological effect and a strong mental craving. Psychological- can occur without a physical addiction. People who never learned to cope with emotional pain often develop psychological addictions to drugs.

18. Drug Dependencyp.458 • Symptoms: • Withdraw Symptoms: * The most severe drug withdraw symptoms come from being addicted to Sedative Hypnotics (depressants).

19. Why do People Abuse Drugs? ** People’s natures affect whether they abuse drugs.

20. Why Addictions Occur • The Nature of the Person - physical/genetic nature - curiosity -peer pressure -self-esteem B. The Nature of the Drug -Euphoria- a sense of great well-being & pleasure brought on by the drug.

21. C. The Consequences from Society - a society or family that tolerates abuse actually encourages it. **See The Roots of Addiction Article **The only sure way to escape drug addiction is to never experiment with drugs!

22. Drugs & CodependencyPg. 460 Explain the following terms: • Codependence- • Codependent- • Enabler-

23. Risk Factors that increase a teen’s risk of drug abuse p. 454 Risk Factor- something that increases the likelihood of a negative outcome. 13 Factors:

24. Warning Signs of Drug Usep. 455

25. Protective Factors that Reduce the Risk of Drug Use P. 456-457 Protective Factor- Something that increases the likelihood of a positive outcome. 13 FACTORS:

26. Patterns of Use/Stages of Dependency pg. 459 • Experimentation - curiosity -social events - often not repeated 2. Desired Effect - social use -low risk

27. 3. Tolerance - certain activities -used for coping -high risk 4. Denial -high doses over time -habit forming -dependence developing

28. 5. Drug dependency - out of control -dependent - experiencing withdrawal symptoms -interferes with family, school, work, etc.

29. The Impact of Drug dependency on Society *** see article • Who else is affected by drug abuse , other than the drug addict? ( list 4 answers) • In 2002 what was the economic cost of drug abuse in the US? Does this cost surprise you? why or why not • What are the two most common & dangerous diseases that result from sharing needles during intravenous drug use?

30. 4. Children whose parents & other family members’ abuse drugs are often physically/emotionally abused and often lack what? ( list 4 things) 5. Explain why businesses are often affected economically by drug abuse? 6. What are the obvious economic consequences of methamphetamines?

31. Treatments pg. 477-478 • Detoxification • Inpatient Care • Outpatient Care • Halfway House • Recovery Programs • SAP • Additional

32. Drug Classifications p. 436-449 • Narcotics • Stimulants • Sedative Hypnotics • Hallucinogens • Marijuana • Inhalants • Anabolic Steriods

33. Federal Drug Classifications • See handout Controlled Substance Act 1970

34. Marijuana Pg. 438 • Affects hearing, touch, taste & smell. Can cause abnormal heart action, low sperm count, lung damage. • Reactions range from mild euphoria to hallucinations. • Delta-9 Tatrahydrocannabinol THC- active drug

35. Inverse- Tolerance Theory Due to the fact that Marijuana is FAT soluble, the THC remains in the body a lot longer than any other drug. Marijuana can remain in the body up to 30 days and sometimes longer depending on the person. The THC is stored in the fat and not in the water in the body. Because of this fact the THC is NOT excreted out of the body as quickly as other drugs. The theory states that every time a person inhales marijuana it triggers the THC that is already stored in the fatand it actually takes LESS of the drug to feel the same effects.

36. Marijuana The THC in Marijuana today is a higher percentage than in the 60’s. THC %’s averages about 8 to 15% with some examples exceeding 50% THC can remain in the body for up to 30 days. There are at least 400 chemicals in Marijuana. Most often abused drug, more teens are in treatment for this drug than any other including alcohol. Gateway drug- what are the 4 drugs?

37. Marinol- Only federally approved medical marijuana. Available through prescription. It comes in the form of a pill. The active ingredient of Marinaol is synthetic THC, which has been found to relieve the nausea & vomiting associated with chemotherapy for cancer patients and to assist with the loss of appetite with AIDS and anorexic patients.

38. Facts: • There are NO FDA approved meds that are smoked, this is a poor way to deliver medicine. • Smoked forms have harmful chemicals/carcinogens that create MORE health problems • Marijuana cigarettes have FOUR times the amount of TAR than a tobacco cig.

39. Hallucinogens pg. 440-442 LSD- can cause flashbacks( trips that strat again without another dose) PCP- known tp cause very bizarre behavior, suicides & violent crime acts.