An Aerospace Manufacturing Perspective

1. Aerospace Fastener Applications Part 2 An Aerospace Manufacturing Perspective

2. Aerospace Rivets • Primarily used to fasten aerospace skins to the sub-structure • Concerned mainly with shear and tension loads. • Two types of rivets: • Solid Rivet • Blind Rivet

3. Aerospace Solid Rivets

4. Aerospace Solid Rivets

5. Aerospace Solid Rivets - Identification • Rivets manufactured in accordance with the AN/MS standards are identified by a four part code: • AN or MS specification and head type • one or two letters that indicate the material • shank diameter in 1/32nd inch increments • a dash followed by a number that indicates rivet length in 1/16th inch increments.

6. Aerospace Solid Rivets - Identification • Example: rivet identification • standard universal head solid rivet • Material: 2117-T4 aluminium • 1/8 inch diameter • 5/16 inch in length • Rivet ID = either AN470AD4-5 or MS20470AD4-5

7. Aerospace Solid Rivets - Identification • Same rivet, different material:1100 aluminium • AN470A4-5 or MS20470A4-5. • AN470 or MS20470 denote the specification for universal head types • AD is the material code for 2117-T4 • (A=1100, B=5056, C=copper, D=2017, DD=2024, F=stainless and M=Monel) • 4 = 4/32 or 1/8 inch diameter • -5 = 5/16 inch length

8. Aerospace Blind Rivets • Used when you cannot physically access one side of the work • Blind rivets are hollow, and thus weaker than solid rivets • To retain strength of the joint: • stronger material, larger diameter rivets, or more are necessary and of course • 20–50% heavier than a solid rivet because of steel stem

9. Aerospace Blind Rivets

10. Quality Assurance of Aerospace Fasteners • Aerospace Fasteners Material Selection • Aerospace Fasteners Testing

11. Aerospace Fasteners Material Selection Background • Some factors to be considered before material selection are: • The max. and min. operating temperatures • The corrosiveness of the environment • Fatigue and impact loading • Always try to use standard fasteners, such as AN, MS, MIL, NAS, SAE

12. Aerospace Fasteners Material Selection • Alloy Steels • Aluminum • Titanium • Stainless Steel • Superalloys

13. Aerospace Fasteners Material Selection • Aluminum is the predominant material used in the manufacture of commercial aircraft. • Table 3 lists the typical aluminum alloys used in commercial aircraft.

14. Basic Aerospace Fasteners Application • The basic applications (or needs) for aerospace fasteners are: • Shear • Tension • Fatigue • Fuel tightness • High temperature • Corrosion control

15. Aerospace Fasteners Testing • Analyzing a Joint • Calculate all the load required for each type of joint failure: • Rivet Shear • Sheet Tensile • Bearing • Sheet Shear • Failure will occur in the mode that corresponds with the lowest load carrying capability.

16. Aerospace Fastener Standardization • Most aerospace hardware is manufactured per government standards • The three most common aircraft fastener standards used are: • AN = Air Force/Navy • NAS = National Aerospace Standards • MS = Military Standards

17. Common Standardized Fasteners • Bolts • Nuts • Washers • Turnbuckles • Cotter pins • Screws • Rivets • Plumbing fittings (pipes and tubes)