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By: Brett Oosdyke

32.1: The Skeletal System. By: Brett Oosdyke. The Skeletal System. Function: Provides shape and support Allows movement Protects tissues and organs Stores certain minerals Produces blood cells. The Skeletal System.

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By: Brett Oosdyke

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  1. 32.1: The Skeletal System By: Brett Oosdyke

  2. The Skeletal System Function: • Provides shape and support • Allows movement • Protects tissues and organs • Stores certain minerals • Produces blood cells

  3. The Skeletal System • Bones- A solid network of living cells and protein fibers that are surrounded by deposits of calcium. Structures of a bone: • Periosteum- The tough layer outer layer of the bone. • Compact Bone- contains Haversian canals that contain blood vessels and nerves • Spongy Bone- found in the ends of bones and produces RBC. • Yellow bone Marrow- made of fat cells. • Red Marrow- Produces RBC, WBC, and platelets.

  4. The Skeletal System • Cartilage- Strong, connective tissue that supports the body. Softer and more flexible than bone • *There are approximately 206 bones in the human body.*

  5. The Skeletal System • Cartilage is gradually replaced by bone during a process called ossification. • Osteoblasts secrete mineral deposits that replace cartilage in developing bones. • Osteocytes help maintain the minerals in bone tissue and continue to strengthen the growing bone.

  6. TheSkeletalSystem • Ligaments- Hold bone to bone. Example: Hold bones together in knee; ACL. • Tendons- Hold muscle to the bones. Example: Achilles tendon attaches to the calf.

  7. The Skeletal System • Joint- is any place where two bones come together. -Types of Joints: • Movable- prevent movement in one or more directions. Examples: pivot joint (radius and ulna); ball and socket (arm into shoulder) • Semi-movable- allow a little bit of restricted movement. Example: Vertebrae. • Immovable- allow no movement at all. Example: Skull

  8. The Skeletal System Skeletal Disorders: Arthritis: Inflammation of joints Osteoporosis: loss of calcium in bones leading to weakening of bones

  9. 32.3 The Integumentary System: Hair, Skin, and Nails • Function: • Communication of pain, pressure, temperature • Protection of body: • Prevents dehydration • Regulates body temperature • Barrier for disease/infection • Covers and holds in organs • Removes waste products • Barrier for sun’s UV rays

  10. The Integumentary System • Epidermis: Outermost layer -Two layers: -Inner layer: living cells -Outer layer: dead cells -Contains: -Keratin- waterproofing -Melanocytes- produces pigment

  11. The Integumentary System • Dermis: middle layer • Contains: • -Hair follicles/roots • -Sweat glands • -Sebaceous (oil) glands • -Arrectorpili muscle • -Nerves • -Blood Vessels

  12. The Integumentary System • Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer): Innermost layer • Contains: • Adipose (fat) cells: cushion, • insulation, anchors skin. • Blood vessels: temp. regulation, • nutrients, etc. • Nerves: temp., pressure, pain

  13. The Integumentary System • Hair- made of dead epidermal cells. • Function: protect skin from UV rays (on head); provide insulation from cold; hairs in nose, ears, eyelashes prevent dirt and other particles from entering body. • Nails- Sheets of keratinized cells • Function: protects tips of fingers/toes

  14. The End

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