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Egyptian Culture

Egyptian Culture. Chapter 2 Section 2. Key Terms. Obelisk Mummification Hieroglyphics Papyrus Rosetta Stone. Gods and Godesses. Worshiped many Few central Osiris- king and judge of the dead Isis-nature and protector of women Horus-god of the sky, pharaohs thought to be human form

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Egyptian Culture

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  1. Egyptian Culture Chapter 2 Section 2

  2. Key Terms • Obelisk • Mummification • Hieroglyphics • Papyrus • Rosetta Stone

  3. Gods and Godesses • Worshiped many • Few central • Osiris- king and judge of the dead • Isis-nature and protector of women • Horus-god of the sky, pharaohs thought to be human form • Anubis-judge of and protector of cemeteries

  4. Re- god of the sun, father of pharaohs • Anubis weighed the souls of the dead • Light soul, good life • Heavy soul fed to terrible monster

  5. Temples and Religious Pratices • Built temples to honor the gods • Obelisks- tall thin pillars with pyramid shaped tops (single stone) • Priests performed rituals • Caring for gods left to the priests

  6. Mummification and Burial • Belief in afterlife • Elaborate rituals for death • Ka-individuals personality • Thought Ka would shrivel if body decomposed

  7. Mummification and Burial • Prevent breakdown of dead body • Only kings and royal family • Remove internal organs • Brain through nose • Heart left in body • Organs placed in jars

  8. Burial • Buried with all their possessions • Food and drink • Pharaohs had treasures and riches • Statues for servants

  9. Daily Life • Images on tomb walls • Items buried • Clothing cosmetics • Furniture • tools

  10. Social Structure • Highly stratified • Pharaoh and royal family • Government officials • Priests • Scribe • Military leaders • Were the wealthiest

  11. Social Structure • 90% peasants farmers • Recruited to build large projects • Slaves • Not large part of population • Less rigid • Gain status as a scribe • Ability to read and write

  12. Home and Family Life • Varied by class • Pharaohs married their sisters • Royalty had more than one wife • Lived as family units • Poor tiny hut • Wealthy brick home, few rooms

  13. Women and Children • Women take care of children • Women had rights • Could be priestess • Inherit property • Divorce husbands • Girls learned how to raise children • Boys learned trades

  14. Appearance and Customs • Shaved heads and wore wigs • Wore perfume and makeup • Clothing linen and wool • Men wore long skirts • Gold jewelry • Sports, boating, hunting

  15. Egyptian Art • Very distinctive • Detailed and colorful • Illustration of stories • Found on walls of tombs • Torsos are straight on • Head, arms legs from side • Gods and pharaohs drawn much larger

  16. Egyptian Writing • Recorded all kinds of events • Hieroglyphics-uses pictures from symbols to represent sounds, objects • Hieratic- for fast writing religious • Papyrus- made from reeds still around

  17. Egyptian Writing • Rosetta Stone • Same text written in three scripts • Hieroglyphics • Demotic • Ancient Greek • Using Greek text figured out meaning • Unlocked the mystery of Egypt

  18. Egyptian Math and Science • Used it to improve their lives • Add, subtract, multiply, divide • Geometry • Medicine • Human anatomy • Surgical procedures • Used medicine from plants

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