Unit 3: economic and political conflict

1. Unit 3: economic and political conflict Lesson 3.6: Growing Issues Between the North and South.

2. Review • What Were The Positive Outcomes Of Jay’s Treaty? • What Were The Causes Of The Quasi-war? • How Did The Alien And Sedition Acts Interfere W/ The Lives Of Americans? • What Is The Significance Of The Virginia-Kentucky Resolution? • What Is Significant About The Election Of 1800? • What Were The Causes Of The War Of 1812? What Were The Consequences Of The War Of 1812? • What Treaty Ended The War Of 1812?

3. WARM UP • What do you already know in regard to the differences between the north and the south prior to the civil war?

4. WHAT WAS GOING ON IN THE NORTH?

5. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS • The “Era of Good Feelings” came to describe the era of James Monroes presidency. • The war of 1812 and the Hartford Convention unites nation under the republican party. • American leaders would launch an ambitious program to strengthen our nation!

6. ECONOMIC NATIONALISM • Without a national bank to regulate currency, inflation set in during the war of 1812 • Government had to pay high interest rates to state and private banks. • John C. Calhoun of SC = the 2nd national bank power to issue national currency and control state banks.

7. TARIFFS AND TRANSPORTATION • War of 1812 forced American manufacturing to become more self-sufficient • Congress passed the Tariff of 1816 as a protective tariff – designed to protect American industry • Road and canal construction also began, with private business and local gov. funding much of it • East-west highway = national road • Robert Fultons steamboat, and the construction of canals (Erie) increased trade and expanded national markets.

8. A NEW SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION Free enterprise, low taxes, and incorporation laws allowed for the north to experience the industrial revolution. interchangeable parts revolutionized the manufacturing industry by allowing complex parts to be made in stages by unskilled workers.

9. WHAT WAS GOING ON IN THE SOUTH?

10. THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY • The south thrived on cash crops = tobacco, rice, sugarcane, and most importantly, cotton • Eli Whitneys cotton gin will allow cotton to become big business • Invention of cotton gin happens at same time that textile factories became huge in Europe.

11. COTTON BECOMES KING • By 1860, cotton makes up 2/3 of total export trade in the USA • Cotton gin allows southern planters to become wealthy, but also strengthened slavery

12. SOCIETY IN THE SOUTH • Planter elite = large plantation owners = made up of .5% of population, but dominate economy and politics • Yoeman farmers = ordinary farmers = vast majority = most owned no slaves, worked land themselves • White / rural poor = less than 10% of population = meager existence of hunting/fishing, gardening • Bottom of society were African Americans (93% enslaved) = about 37% of total population

13. SLAVERY • Slaves had few legal rights, were forbidden to learn how to read and write, and were considered property • A “necessary evil”?

14. PLANTATION LIFE • On small farms and plantations, the task system was used = • Workers given specific set of jobs to accomplish every day. once work done they could do what they wanted. • Large plantations used gang system= • Workers divided into work gangs that labored from sun up to sun down.

15. COPING WITH ENSLAVEMENT • songs and religion became very importantaspects of African American culture. • Christianity provided hope

16. RESISTANCE AND REBELLION • Other ways of resistance: • Work slowdowns • Sabatoge • Uprisings • Nat Turner=slave revolt in 1831, killing 50 white men, women, and children

17. SLAVERY LEADS TO GROWING SECTIONALISM • The one political party system dominated by republicans began to unravel in the 1820’s. • Issues = westward expansion and slavery

18. The Missouri Compromise In 1819 the union consisted of 11 free and 11 slave states. Tensions rise when Missouri applies for statehood = upset power of balance in senate The compromise engineered by Henry Clay would only temporarily ease tensions

19. The elections of 1824 and 1828 = Growing SECTIONALISM • The election of 1824 showed how sectionalized our nation had become • “favorite sons” Henry Clay of Kentucky and Andrew Jackson of Tennessee represented the west. • John Q. Adams was NE favorite son, and William Crawford represented the South • Adams wins election of 1824 = “Corrupt Bargain” between Clay and Adams. Jackson cries foul. • Election of 1828 = mudslinging…..Old Hickory (Andrew Jackson) gets revenge.

20. Activity • America the Story of Us = Division • Map activity= The Missouri Compromise

21. reflection • Which of the following best describes the “Era of Good Feelings”? • How did building canals and railways boost the US economy? • What factors contributed to the development of industry in the north? • How did interchangeable parts revolutionize the manufacturing industry? • How did the cotton gin and cotton farming change the south? • How was working within the task system different than working within the gang system? • How did slaves show resistance? • How did the Missouri Compromise maintain the balance of power in the senate? • What is the historical significance of the1824?

22. Unit 3: economic and political conflict Lesson 3.6: Growing Issues Between the North and South: Part 2

23. review • Which of the following best describes the “Era of Good Feelings”? • How did building canals and railways boost the US economy? • What factors contributed to the development of industry in the north? • How did interchangeable parts revolutionize the manufacturing industry? • How did the cotton gin and cotton farming change the south? • How was working within the task system different than working within the gang system? • How did slaves show resistance? • How did the Missouri Compromise maintain the balance of power in the senate? • What is the historical significance of the1824?

24. Warm up • List as many causes of the Civil War that you can think of.

25. GTT = “Gone to Texas” • Southerners begin to emigrate to Texas to extend the “Cotton Kingdom”. They bring slavery with them! • Texas becomes “Americanized” • Santa Anna refuses self rule for Texas, and attempts to crush independence movement at the Alamo. • Texans win independence after their victory at San Jacinto.

26. The Annexation of Texas and our victory in the Mexican American War further increases sectional tension! • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo = • Mexico ceded (gave up) 500,000 sq miles • Rio Grande southern border • USA paid mexico 15 million and agreed to take up 3.25 million in Mexican debt • Dream of manifest destiny realized! • Question of slavery in new territories would lead to another war……..

27. THE SEARCH FOR COMPROMISE • The Mexican war greatly increased sectional tensions = should new states be slave or free?

28. THE WILMOT PROVISO (1846) • No slavery in any new territory • South = any anti slavery decision threatens slavery everywhere

29. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY • Moderates believed each new territory should be allowed to decide if slave or free • Seemed democratic, gets issue out of national politics

30. THE GREAT DEBATE BEGINS • (49’ers = California ….South feared loss of political power, some talk of secession • Henry clay of Kentucky = “Great Compromiser” = tries to save the union!

31. THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 • Called “final settlement between north and south”????? • California admitted as a free state • Rest of territory taken from Mexico = popular sov. • Outlawed slave trade in dc, but did no outlaw slavery • Congress would not interfere w/ slave trade and would pass fugitive slave act

32. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT • Actually hurt south by creating hostility toward slavery in north

33. NORTHERN RESISTANCE GROWS • Ordinary citizens forces to help capture runaways • Indifference over issue of slavery becomes anger

34. THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD • Well organized system became legendary • Harriett Tubman most famous “conductor” • Caused further distrust b/w South and North

35. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN • Book by Harriett Beecher Stowehad profound impact of the northern perception of slavery • Portrayed slaves as real people in tragic circumstances • South outraged, considered by many as a cause of the civil war • Lincoln: “So you’re the little lady that started the great big war”

36. THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT • Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854 essentially repeals Missouri Compromise • Allowed popular sovereignty to solve issue of slavery

37. BLEEDING KANSAS • Battleground between pro slavery forces from Missouri vs. Anti-slavery forces from north • Lecompton = slave capital • Topeka = anti-slave capital • By end of 1856 200 died

38. THE CANING OF CHARLES SUMNER • Preston Brookes of South Carolina severely beats abolitionist Charles Sumner in the senate chamber • 293

39. THE CRISIS DEEPENS Anger over the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the formation of the Republican Party Republicans agreed slavery should be left out of new territories Dred Scott decision further intensifies debate = effectivley allowed slavery anywhere!!

40. THE EMERGENCE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN In 1858 Illinois Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln to run against Stephen Douglas for senate. Lincoln-Douglas debates would earn Lincoln notoriety. Lincoln = not an abolitionist but believed slavery morrally wrong Douglas = popular soveriegnty

41. JOHN BROWN’S RAID On oct. 16th, 1859, John Brown and 18 followers seized a weapons arsenal in harpers ferry. Plan was to arm slaves and lead revolt John Brown catpured and executed-pg 301 Southerners view him as terrorist Northerners view him as martyr

42. activity • Primary source document on Fugitive Slave Act. • Video on Underground railroad

43. REFLECTION • In your journal, summarize what you have learned in regard to the growing differences between the North and the South. What events increased sectional conflict between the North and South?