Chapter 11 Quiz

1. Chapter 11 Quiz Human Development

2. Don’t forget to write your answers on a separate piece of paper to grade when you’re done! 1. What is the response pattern of securely attached children in the Strange Situation when their mothers return? a. They tend to ignore their mothers because they are secure about her care. b. Sometimes they run over to their mothers and sometimes they do not; there’s no consistent pattern in their responses. c. They tend to run over to their mothers and beg them not to leave again. d. They tend to go to their mothers for comfort

3. 2. In the nature versus nurture controversy, “nature” refers to a. Heredity b. Plants and animals c. All living things we interact with d. The environment

4. 3. Object permanence is a. The belief that all objects have life just like humans do b. The understanding that a tall beaker and a short beaker can hold the same amount of water c. A belief that all objects in the world, including mountains and streams, are man made d. The understanding that things continue to exist even when they are out of sight

5. Dorothy just celebrated her 90th birthday with her close friends, and is excited about a visit from her grandchildren. According to Erikson, she has probably most recently achieved a. Isolation b. Integrity c. Despair d. Autonomy

6. 5. Mr. Hernandez explains to his son that the speed limit is 55 mph. He tells him to stay under the speed limit when driving because it’s the law and will probably prevent accidents. Kohlberg’s level of morality illustrated by this example is a. Preconventional b. Concrete operational c. Conventional d. Egocentric

7. 6. Harlow’s experiment with rhesus monkeys and surrogate mothers emphasized the importance of a. Contact comfort b. Feeding c. Aesthetic needs d. Incentive theory

8. 7. According to Diane Baumrind, which of the following parental styles results in the most socially competent and responsible adults? a. Authoritarian b. Authoritative c. Autocratic d. Permissive

9. 8. The child was born with widely spaced eyes, a thin upper lip, and a short flat nose. Chances are that he will later suffer from mental retardation. To which teratogen was this child most likely exposed during the prenatal period? a. Tobacco b. German measles c. Heroin d. Alcohol

10. 9. Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find more often in her research (in about 66% of the cases she studied)? a) avoidant b) authoritative c) secure d) anxious/ambivalent

11. 10. Which of the following is the correct term for a mental rule Piaget said we use to interpret our environment? a) schema b) assimilation c) accomodation d) hypothesis

12. 11. During which stage of development do the heart, spine, and brain emerge? a. Post-natal b. Placental c. Fetal d. Embryonic

13. 12. With respect to cognitive abilities, evolutionary theorists a. Suggest that infants attend more to novel events because these events require more time for perceptual processing b. Assert that abilities which are prewired will be less prone to habituation or dishabituation c. Strive to understand the adaptive significance of abilities that appear to be prewired d. Attempt to find out which abilities are prewired, without making any assumptions about why these abilities might be innate

14. 13. Midlife crises a. Are very common among men, but not women b. Are very common among women, but not men c. Are nearly universal for both sexes d. Occur in only a small minority of subjects

15. 14. Erik Erikson’s developmental stages are organized around potential turning points called a. Fixation points b. Psychological crises c. Developmental tasks d. Psychosexual crises

16. 15. According to Piaget, during the formal operational period of cognitive development, children begin to a. Acquire the concept of conservation b. Understand the nature of hierarchical classification c. Think primarily in terms of concrete objects or situations d. Think in terms of abstract principles and hypothetical possibilities

17. 1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D Chapter 11 Answer Key

18. Essay Question Possibilities!! • One of the following essay questions will appear on your test, be familiar with all of them!!

19. Essay Question # 1 • Describe the four stages of cognitive development proposed by Jean Piaget, and discuss the major developmental changes

20. Essay Question # 2 • Research on adolescence indicates that for girls early maturation is particularly difficult, while for boys late maturation is especially hard. How would you explain this gender difference? Consider how your text’s unifying theme that psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context might help to explain it.

21. Essay Question # 3 • The experience of midlife crisis has been likened by some to the adolescent search for identity. In what ways are these two developmental phenomena similar? How are they different?

22. Essay Question # 4 • Research indicates that there are genuine (although often small) gender differences in verbal ability, mathematical ability, spatial ability, aggression, and nonverbal communication. There is also some evidence that biological differences between the sexes in hormone levels and brain organization contribute to some or all of these behavioral differences. Adopt a functionalist/evolutionary perspective, and discuss why these biological differences and their consequent behavioral difference might exist.

23. Essay Question # 5 • According to Carol Gilligan (1982), Kohlberg’s theory describes moral development from the “justice perspective,” which tends to predominate in males, but neglects to consider the “care perspective,” which tends to predominate in females. From the justice perspective, moral decisions are based on considerations of fairness and equal treatment for all. From the care perspective, moral decisions are based on considerations of meeting individuals’ personal needs and preserving relationships. Do research findings on gender differences support Gilligan’s views?

24. Good Luck! • Make sure to double check all of your answers and study them for the upcoming exam. Remember, AT LEAST FIVE of the questions from this quiz will make some sort of appearance on the chapter test along with one of the essay questions. • Take advantage of this study guide and good luck on your test!