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A Clause Is a Clause Is a Clause

A Clause Is a Clause Is a Clause. A Group of Words That Always Contains a Subject and Verb in Combination Clauses may be Independent or Dependent . Independent Clauses can function as complete sentences, e.g., a simple sentence.

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A Clause Is a Clause Is a Clause

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  1. A Clause Is a Clause Is a Clause • A Group of Words That Always Contains a Subject and Verb in Combination • Clauses may be Independent or Dependent. • Independent Clauses can function as complete sentences, e.g., a simple sentence. • Dependent Clauses must be “attached” to an Independent Clause, e.g., a complex sentence.

  2. Simple Sentence=One Independent Clause(Also called the main or principal clause) In the bedtime story, Jackkilled the goose. Subject=Jack Verb=killed Sentence Pattern= ? Pattern 3 because of the direct object goose.

  3. Compound Sentence=Contains Two or More Independent Clauses In the bedtime story, Jackkilled the goose, and his mothercooked it for supper. Subject=Jack Verb=killed Subject=mother Verb=cooked

  4. Punctuation for Compound Sentences • Because you have more than two independent clauses in the same sentence, you will need additional punctuation as well as conjunctions. • Commas will almost always precede coordinating conjunctions: but, or, yet, so, for and, nor. (BOYSFAN or FANBOYS) • You may elect to use a semicolon to join two independent clauses as well. Sometimes you will include a conjunctive adverb and a comma as well.

  5. Compound Sentence with a Coordinating Conjunction and a comma • The Giants have won eight consecutive games, but their hopes of making the playoffs are dwindling. • Subjects: Giants and hopes • Verbs: have won and are dwindling. • Comma must precede but because two independent clauses are joined with a coordinating conjunction.

  6. Compound Sentence with a Semicolon and/or Conjunctive Adverb • The Clemson Tigers destroyed the Auburn Tigers on Saturday; Auburn will not repeat as college football champions this season. • Subjects: Clemson Tigers and Auburn Tigers • Verbs: destroyed and will repeat • The semicolon joins two independent clauses. • ; therefore, (would also work in place of comma and coordinating conjunction)

  7. Conjunctive Adverb “Fix” • The Clemson Tigers destroyed the Auburn Tigers on Saturday; Auburn will not repeat as college football champions this season. • The Clemson Tigers destroyed the Auburn Tigers on Saturday; therefore, Auburn will not repeat as college football champions this season.

  8. Comma Splices • Never use a comma to splice together two independent clauses because you will create a comma splice or fault. This error reflects two serious grammar mistakes: one relating to punctuation and one relating to sentence structure.

  9. Fixing a comma splice is easy. • President Obama proposed increasing taxes on rich Americans, many Republicans immediately called it “class warfare.” • President Obama proposed increasing taxes on rich Americans, and many Republicans immediately called it “class warfare.” • President Obama proposed increasing taxes on rich Americans; many Republicans immediately called it “class warfare.”

  10. Practice Exercises • In each of the following sentences, a caret ˄ marks a point of coordination. If the sentence is Type 1, write O in the space at the left. If the sentence is Type 2, write C (for comma) in the space. If the sentence is Type 3, write S (for semicolon) in the space. • _____ Yesterday, the men finished the project ˄ therefore, they stayed home today.

  11. Practice Exercises • In each of the following sentences, a caret ˄ marks a point of coordination. If the sentence is Type 1, write O in the space at the left. If the sentence is Type 2, write C (for comma) in the space. If the sentence is Type 3, write S (for semicolon) in the space. • _____ The shortstop dove for the ball ˄ but was not able to field it cleanly.

  12. Practice Exercises • In each of the following sentences, a caret ˄ marks a point of coordination. If the sentence is Type 1, write O in the space at the left. If the sentence is Type 2, write C (for comma) in the space. If the sentence is Type 3, write S (for semicolon) in the space. • _____ Usually, Jim takes his vacation in August ˄ he’s never been to the mountains in October before.

  13. Practice Exercises • In each of the following sentences, a caret ˄ marks a point of coordination. If the sentence is Type 1, write O in the space at the left. If the sentence is Type 2, write C (for comma) in the space. If the sentence is Type 3, write S (for semicolon) in the space. • _____ The secretary is searching everywhere for that lost file ˄ for we need it desperately for this afternoon’s meeting.

  14. Practice Exercises • In each of the following sentences, a caret ˄ marks a point of coordination. If the sentence is Type 1, write O in the space at the left. If the sentence is Type 2, write C (for comma) in the space. If the sentence is Type 3, write S (for semicolon) in the space. • _____ Maria will either take that job in Los Angeles ˄ or take a tour of Europe immediately after graduation.

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