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Important features for industrial pipes and fittings out of polypropylene PP - Homopolymer and PP - Copolymer. CONTENT. Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions. Properties
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Important features for industrial pipes and fittings out of polypropylene PP - Homopolymer and PP - Copolymer
CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
GENERAL PROPERTIES PP-H, PP-B and PP-R • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions • high creep strength • very good chemical resistance • resistance against microorganisms • high heat reversion resistance • very good abrasion properties • good weldability • no deposits / no increments • excellent acoustic damping characteristics • very good thermoformable
GENERAL PROPERTIES PP-Types General description • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions PP-H (Polypropylene Homopolymer) The Homopolymer consists of macro-molecules, which are built of only one polymer: P - P - P - P - P - P - P - P - P - P PP-B (Polypropylene Block Copolymer) The Block Copolymer consists of macro-molecules, where Ethylene is included in block form up to 12 % (standard < 7%): P - P - P - P + P - P - E - E -P - P - P - E PP-R (Polypropylene Random Copolymer) The Random Copolymer is built of molecules, where a certain content (2-7%) if Ethylene is embedded statically distributed: E - P - E - P - P - P - E - P - P - P
GENERAL PROPERTIES PP in comparison Crystal structure • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions PP-Homopolymer withroughsperulitic super lattices (PP-H a-nucleated) PP-Homopolymer with fine crystallic structure (PP-H b-nucleated) PP-Random Copolymer with fine crystallic structure
GENERAL PROPERTIES PP in comparison General properties / part 1 • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
GENERAL PROPERTIES PP in comparison General properties / part 2 • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions þ
CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
PP-H PP-R 50,0 50,0 40,0 40,0 30,0 30,0 10°C 20°C 20,0 20,0 10°C 30°C 40°C 20°C 50°C 30°C 60°C 40°C 70°C 50°C 10,0 10,0 9,0 9,0 80°C 60°C ] ] 8,0 8,0 2 2 70°C 90°C 7,0 7,0 [N/mm [N/mm 95°C 80°C 6,0 6,0 s v v s 90°C 5,0 5,0 95°C 4,0 4,0 Vergleichspannung Vergleichspannung 3,0 3,0 2,0 2,0 1,0 1,0 0,9 0,9 0,8 0,8 0,7 0,7 1 10 25 50 100 1 10 25 50 100 0,6 0,6 Standzeit [Jahre] Standzeit [Jahre] 0,5 0,5 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5 6 0,1 1,0 10 10 10 10 10 10 1,0 10 10 10 10 10 10 0,1 Standzeit [h] Standzeit [h] CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Creep behaviour of pipes out of PP acc. to DIN 8077 PP-H and PP-R • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
PP-H 10,0 9,0 PP-R 8,0 7,0 2 [N/mm ] 6,0 s v 5,0 PP-B 4,0 Hoop stress 3,0 2,0 1 10 25 50 100 Time to fail [years] 1,0 6 2 3 4 5 0,1 1,0 10 10 10 10 10 10 Time to fail [h] CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Creep behaviour of pipes out of PP acc. to DIN 8077 at 60°C • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
10,0 9,0 PP-H 8,0 7,0 PP-R 6,0 5,0 4,0 PP-B 2 3,0 [N/mm ] s v 2,0 Hoop Stress 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 1 10 25 50 100 0,6 Time to fail [years] 0,5 6 2 3 4 5 0,1 1,0 10 10 10 10 10 10 Time to fail [h] CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Creep behaviour of pipes out of PP acc. to DIN 8077 at 80°C • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
= Safety factor 1,25 1,6 1,4 1,25 CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Allowed working excess pressure acc. to DIN 8077 for media water • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
Y-gate Hoop Stress [N/mm²] Back gate Ring gate Side gate log. s log. t Stress duration [h] CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Time to fail of injection moulded components / gating system • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Time to fail of injection moulded components / creep tests acc. to DIN 8078 tees SDR 11 • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Shrinkage behaviour and voids Machined stub flange out of PPH • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions þ þ
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
6,00 5,00 4,00 Weight changes in percent [%] 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 3 7 14 28 56 84 Immersions period in days[d] 01 - PPH natural, - 05 - PPR natural, - 06 - PPR grey, TiO2 03 - PPH grey, TiO2 02 - PPH grey, TiO2 04 - PPH grey, ZnS 08 - PPR grey, ZnS 10 - PPB grey, ZnS 09 - PPB grey, TiO2 07 - PPR grey, TiO2 / ZnS CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP Comparison of weight changes PP-molding materials in HCl+MCB+o-DCB at 60°C • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP Chemical resistance of PP • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions Pipe and fitting out of PP with ZnS color pigmentation after the application in a hydrochloric acid pipe system
10,0 9,0 8,0 2 7,0 [N/mm ] PP-H 6,0 s v 5,0 PP-R 4,0 Hoope stress 3,0 PP-B 2,0 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 1 10 25 50 100 0,6 Time to fail [years] 0,5 2 3 4 5 6 0,1 1,0 10 10 10 10 10 10 Time to fail [h] CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP Chemical resistance of PP • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions Caustic soda solution 50%, T=80°C, creep test
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions Times to fail of different PP moulding materials at the creep test at 80°C in 40% caustic soda solution, test tension: 5,5 N/mm²
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions Stress crack formation because of temperature loading, production dependent internal stresses and chemical influence
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP Internal stresses in the welding zone • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions • Maximum internal stresses (tensile) often appear in the area of the bead notch • Due to a loading, an additional superimposition of further stresses results. • A failure of the component (welding joint) starts from the bead notch.
CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions þ þ þ
RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
Test specimen for Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) geometry fracture photomicrograph clamp sheet notch pipe clamp RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION FNCT Description of the specimen • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
FNCT-results (times to fail) of polypropylene, tested in water under 2% wetting agent influence (Arkopal N100) 900 841 800 700 622 600 500 t [h] 397 387 400 267 300 164 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 PP-R PP-R PP-H PP-H PP-H PP-B (Type B) (Type D) (Type S, a -nucleated) ( b -nucleated) ( a -nucleated) (Type B) Material RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions
RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions FNCT-results (times to fail) of polypropylene specimen, tested in water under 2% wetting agent influence (Arkopal N-100)
RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions Currently demanded minimum values in FNCT (times to fail) for PP-moulding materials (2% Arkopal N-100) from the DIBt
CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions þ þ þ þ
CONCLUSIONS • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions
CONCLUSIONS PPH, PPB and PPR in comparison • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions Advantages PP-H • high creep strength at low temperatures • higher E-module, larger support distances are possible • lower raw material price
CONCLUSIONS PPH, PPB and PPR in comparison • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions Advantages PP-B • better shrinkage behaviour, therefore no voids and larger injection moulding parts are possible • lower internal stress potential • high viscosity • very high impact resistance
CONCLUSIONS PPH, PPB and PPR in comparison • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions Advantages PP-R • high creep strength at high temperatures • higher resistance against slow crack propagation • higher pressure loadability • better shrinkage behaviour, therefore no voids and larger injection moulding parts are possible • lower internal stress potential • high viscosity
CONCLUSIONS Typical application ranges of PP-types • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions PP-Homopolymer: • Semi-finished products for the tank construction • Pipes for industrial applications PP-Block Copolymer: • Piping systems for sewage water technology • (underground installations) PP-Random Copolymer: • Piping systems for high pressure and temperature loadings (systems for industrial water use) • Welding rod • Injection moulding components (specially in larger dimensions)
CONCLUSIONS Modified PP-moulding materials • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions PP-R, black: UV-stabilization because of high content of carbon black (impact resistance decreases) PP-R, natural: High purity applications, as no color additives are included PP-H-s:Flame retarding Homopolymer, e.g. for the application in ventilation, exhaust or chimney systems PP-R-s-el: Flame retarding Random Copolymer, which is mostly used for the transport of slightly ignitable media because of its electrical conductivity
Bends 90°out of PP up to d500 in SDR 33, 17,6 and 11 Tees out of PP up to d 500 in SDR 33, 17,6 and 11 Backing rings out of PP/St up to d 630 for max. working excess pressures of 10 bar CONCLUSIONS Injection moulded components for Pressure piping systems • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions
CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions þ þ þ þ þ
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