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2010 Science Olympiad Training

Soil Testing for Nutrients. 1. pH testing done using an electrode or colorimetrically2. Phosphorus analysis done colorimetricallyor analyzed using ICP (inductively coupled plasma emission)3. Potassium measured by flame photometer or ICP. Soil Test Ratings. 1. Below optimum (low): Nutrients need to be added to supply the needs of the plant and also to raise the soil test level into the optimum range.2. Optimum (medium): Nutrients need to be added to supply the needs of t22

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2010 Science Olympiad Training

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    1. 2010 Science Olympiad Training Environmental Chemistry

    2. Soil Testing for Nutrients 1. pH testing done using an electrode or colorimetrically 2. Phosphorus analysis done colorimetrically or analyzed using ICP (inductively coupled plasma emission) 3. Potassium measured by flame photometer or ICP

    3. Soil Test Ratings 1. Below optimum (low): Nutrients need to be added to supply the needs of the plant and also to raise the soil test level into the optimum range. 2. Optimum (medium): Nutrients need to be added to supply the needs of the plant, but not in excess to further raise the soil test level. 3. Above optimum (High): Nutrient no longer needs to be added until the soil test level comes back into the optimum range.

    7. Importance of Essential Nutrients www.Ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/1000/1601.html http://www.agr.state.us/cyber/kidswrld/plant/nutrient.htm

    8. Selecting the Proper Fertilizer Two websites explain the use of fertilizers by homeowners quite well. 1. www.turf.msu.edu – Go to Home Lawns Tab In particular “Fertilizing Home Lawns to Protect Water Quality.” And “Maintaining Waterfront Turf to Preserve Water Quality.”

    9. Selecting the Proper Fertilizer 2. www.lawn-care-academy.com – Go to “Fertilization” a. Information on relating numbers on a fertilizer bag to N-P-K requirement. b. Calculating how much fertilizer to apply.

    10. Recognizing relationship between soil pH and nutrient availability (particularly micronutrients)

    12. Raising or Lowering pH Benefits of Liming to raise pH: http://web2.msue.msu.edu/bulletins/bulletin/pdf/e0471.pdf Adding Sulfur to Lower pH: http://web1.msue.msu.edu/monroe/soilweb2/loweringpH.htm

    13. Soil Texture Good discussion of soil texture at: www.water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/factsheet29.pdf Good discussion of Porosity & Permeability at: www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/nr/2009/fs0914.pdf

    15. Instrumental Analysis in Environmental Chemistry Gas Chromatography (GC) Mass Spectrometry (MS)

    16. Gas Chromatography General Uses: Identification and quantitation of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in mixtures Determination of molecular weights and (sometimes) elemental compositions of unknown organic compounds in mixtures Structural determination of unknown organic compounds in mixtures b matching their spectra with reference spectra

    17. Common Uses of GC in Environmental Chemistry: Quantitation of pollutants in drinking and wastewater, etc. Identification of unknown organic compounds in waste dumps, etc.

    18. Gas Chromatography: Further Information Chromatogram Library by Agilent Technologies. Environmental/EPA Methods using GC Shows some common compounds separated using the GC technique Pesticide Retention Data

    19. Mass Spectrometry Mass spectrometry is a chemical analysis technique that is used to measure the mass of unknown molecules by ionizing, separating and detecting ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios. Michigan State University Dept. of Chemistry MS tutorial: MS Tutorial Interpretation of mass spectra site by Arizona Chemistry Dept. The website of the American Society of Mass Spectrometry is an excellent resource for all things MS-related.

    20. Mass Spectrometry Another MS tutorial that is available online is linked here.

    21. Some Important Questions about MS What is mass spectrometry (MS)? What are applications of MS? What is ionization? Why is ionization of the sample required in MS? What is the “mass-to-charge” ratio of an ion? What is a mass spectrometer? What is a mass spectrum? How is a sample introduced into a mass spectrometer? What is the mass anaylyzer and how does it work?

    22. Mass Spectrometry: Further Information A variety of MS resources are available at the Spectroscopy Now website. A list of numerous MS tutorials available online is comiled by i-mass.com.

    25. Calculations in Environmental Chemistry Articles on molar calculations and stoichiometry are available at http://environmentalchemistry.com/ Aqueous solutions dilutions worked problems Math in Dilutions Calculations Balancing chemical formulas tutorial: http://chemistry.about.com/cs/stoichiometry/a/aa042903a.htm Example problem is available here Environmental Chemistry Dictionary

    26. Contact Information Jon Dahl dahl@msu.edu Janelle Bradley bradl144@chemistry.msu.edu

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