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1. Introduction. Three Dimensions of Structural Art by Professor David P. BillingtonScientific Dimension - efficiencySocial Dimension - economySymbolic Dimension - structure's elegance
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1. Failure Investigation of the Sung-Su Bridges Introduction
Sung-Su Bridge
Conclusion
3. Scientific Dimension Honesty to State-of-the-art to local engineering and technology
Adhering to the rules of Design Process
Training and skills of the Construction Personnel
Diligent maintenance and inspection
4. Social Dimension Political Pressure by over-achieving officials
Economic Pressure due to short and long-range economic development plan
Local’s ego to have the first kind, the tallest, the longest or the largest structure
Forced to conform to the land use plan
5. Symbolic Dimension Bridge as a public fixture for everyone
Bridge as the identity of a locality
Crossing a large body of water-source of relaxation, recreation, and a peaceful background,
6. 2. Case Study Sung-Su Bridge, Seoul, Korea
Welded and bolted steel truss bridge
Constructed in 1979, failed in 1994
Reconstructed in 1997
7. Case Study - Sung-su Bridge
8. Bridge Plan and Elevation
9. Suspended Truss at Arch Shaped Steel Truss Bridge
10. Remaining Portion of Arch Shaped Steel Truss Bridge
11. Close-up view of a Hinge Connection at Truss Top Chord
12. Close-up view of a Hinge Connection at Truss Top Chord
13. Fractured Shape of the middle Vertical Hanger Photo Taken at site Diagram of fracture surface
14. Fractured Flange of the West Vertical Hanger
15. Reconstruction of the Bridge
16. Result of the Investigation Political Pressure – military rules
Socio-Economic Pressure - rapid growth
Conceptual Design of the Bridge
Engineering - no concept of FCM
Construction - no shop drawing
Maintenance - by visual inspection, no access to the failed detail
17. 3. Conclusion Bridge structure is a symbolic fixture
Forming an Identity of a community
Technically proven efficient design, adequately developed and funded construction - elegant structure
Independent cross-checking of the design
Importance of Maintenance and Inspection