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Mnemonics Acrosss the Curriculum

Greg Conderman gconderman@niu.edu. Mnemonics Acrosss the Curriculum. Any device(s) which aid(s) memorization These devices come in a variety of forms. What Are Mnemonics?. Mnemonics is the art of assisting the memory by using a system of artificial aids. Mnemonics. Rhymes Diagrams

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Mnemonics Acrosss the Curriculum

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  1. Greg Conderman gconderman@niu.edu Mnemonics Acrosss the Curriculum

  2. Any device(s) which aid(s) memorization These devices come in a variety of forms What Are Mnemonics?

  3. Mnemonics is the art of assisting the memory by using a system of artificial aids Mnemonics Rhymes Diagrams Rules Acronyms Phrases Songs/Jingles Recall of names, dates, facts and figures.

  4. First invented by the Greeks for memory-training 2500 years ago (Simonides the Younger invented the first known system in 477 BC) Mnemonics

  5. The word "mnemonics" comes from the Greek mneme("memory") and mnemon("mindful"), and the Greek goddess of Memory and mother of the Muses, was Mnemosyne (pronounced "ne-mos'-i-ni"). Mnemonics

  6. Solid research base Mandate to use research-based methods Positive outcomes for students with and without disabilities in all grades and subjects Why Teach Mnemonics?

  7. Meta analysis of popular methods in special education showed mnemonics to be the most effective technique Especially effective in remembering content for tests and vocabulary Why Teach Mnemonics?

  8. Average Effect Size For Various Interventions Calculated On The Basis Of Meta-analysis For Each

  9. Help students with disabilities compensate for their learning challenges Supports the belief of fostering independence in learning Why Teach Mnemonics?

  10. Teach the mnemonic after conceptual understanding Focus on one type of mnemonic at a time (i.e., acronyms) Collaborate with general ed/grade level teachers regarding consistent instruction of mnemonics Pair with a visual, if possible (or physical action) Tell students if order is important Have students develop their own, when ready Reminders/Cautions

  11. A C R O N Y M S Various Types visuals

  12. The story method Peg words Various Types

  13. Do you know the number of days in each month of the year? What is this rhyme? Thirty days hath September, April , June and November; February has twenty-eight alone. All the rest have thirty-one, Except leap-year --that's the time When February days are twenty-nine.

  14. What Is This Rhyme? Red sky at night: ____________________ Red sky in the morning: ____________________ Rainbow in the morning: ______________________ Rainbow at night: ______________________ sailor’s delight sailor’s warning traveler's take warning traveler's delight

  15. Probably the two most popular Acromyms are words composed of the first letters of items in the list However, many items in a list do not make a word Acrostics are sentencesin which each ordered word in the sentence starts with a letter associated with something to be remembered Acronyms And Acrostics

  16. Developed at the University of Kansas-Lawrence Validated through years of research with students with disabilities Training required for purchasing the curriculum Can still teach the “big ideas” from the strategy Teaches acronyms and acrostics First Letter Mnemonic Strategy

  17. F Form a word (acronym) I Insert a letter (acronym) R Rearrange letters (acronym) S Shape a sentence (acrostic) T Try different combinations (be flexible!) FIRSTLetter Strategy

  18. Films in which John Wayne Died Example: Form A Word Sands of Iwo Jima The Fighting See Bees Alamo Reap the Wild Wind Shootist

  19. Scientific Objects That Have Never Been Seen Example: Insert A Letter Black Holes Antimatter Cosmic rays Earth’s Core Black Holes R Antimatter Cosmic rays Earth’s Core

  20. Deserts we are learning about Example: Rearrange Letters Mohave Sahara Thar Arabian Mohave Arabian Sahara Thar

  21. Famous People Who Ran Away From Home Example:Shape A Sentence Crockett , Grant Dylan, Kaye Diamond Students develop a sentence such as: CaringGirlsDoKindDeeds

  22. Use a combination of those noted EX: Might need to rearrange the letters AND insert a letter to make a word Try Different Combinations

  23. Use the shape a sentence step (acrostic) to develop a mnemonic for one of these: Coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet so [F, A, N, B, O, Y, S] Parts of the eye: eyelid, sclera, iris, pupil [E, S, I, P] Animals killed for their fur: fox, opossum, mink, raccoon, sable [F, O, M, R, S] Activity: Acrostic [order does not matter]

  24. To recall the names of the Great Lakes, remember HOMES for: List Order Acronyms Lake Huron Ontario Michigan Erie Superior

  25. Sentences or phrases The initial letters of the words spell out a word which many people find rather tricky to spell. Spelling Acrostics Becuz? Arithmuytik?

  26. BECAUSEBig Elephants Can Always Understand Small Elephants ARITHMETICA Rat In The House May Eat The Ice Cream Spelling Acrostics

  27. Order of taxonomy in biology: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species List Order Acrostic Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach

  28. How would you approach this problem? (24 + 36) – (45 x 3) – 1 x 98 When you have to deal with a combination of addition, subtraction, parenthesis (brackets) etc., it is important to carry out the process in the correct order to get the right answer. One way to remember the order is: parenthesis, first then followed by multiplications, divisions, additions and subtractions is to recall the following sentence: Pardon My Dear Aunt Sally OR if exponents are included: Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally Math Acrostic

  29. To remember the most common metric prefixes: Kilo,hecto, deka, basic unit, deci, centi, and milli. They are in order from large to small. Mycousin’sdog usually barksdespite hiskindness (reverse order) or Kenny’s healthydiet banishesunusual dark chocolate muffins. Math Acrostic

  30. When doing long division, do we divide first or subtract before we bring down and multiply? To remember that the sequence is Divide, Multiply, Subtract and Bring Down, remember the order of the following family members: Dad (D = divide) Mom (M = multiply) Sister (S = subtract) Brother (B = bring down) Mathematical Example

  31. To remember the order of the colors in the natural light spectrum: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet. ROY G. BIV Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain Science Acrostic

  32. Airplane Cell Phone McDonalds Typewriter Chicken Leg Pencil Saturn (planet) Red Corvette Stop Sign Window Take A Minute…

  33. Inventions that enabled the west to be settled Six-shooter Windmill Sod house Locomotive Steel plow Barbed wire Use In The Content Area: Snapshot Method

  34. Develop a snap shot visual for one of these: Common human fears: Heights, Insects, Death, Elevators, Snakes Uses of soybeans: Rubber, Soap, Food, Explosives Examples of arthropods: Spiders, Crabs, Lobsters, Shrimp Practice Activity: Snapshot Method

  35. Keyword Strategy • Wide range of subject areas(Scruggs & Mastropieri, 1992) • Used to teach factual information • Help students with high-incidence disabilities remember main ideas in the content areas (Graves & Levin, 1989). • Used to teach vocabulary for standardized tests

  36. Reconstruct term to be learned into • an acoustically similar • already familiar • easily pictured concrete term Keyword Strategy: Step 1 A KEYWORD

  37. Relate the keyword to the to-be-learned information in an interactive picture, image, or sentence. Keyword Strategy: Step 2 ___________ ____________________

  38. Model and teach students to retrieve the appropriate response by thinking of: The keyword The picture The “action” in the picture Keyword Strategy: Step 3

  39. Key Word - Example Vocabulary Word: Apex Definition: The highest point Key word: Ape (Acoustically similar, familiar and can be drawn) Image: Ape on highest point

  40. Develop a key word and illustration for one of the following: Activity

  41. This method is for remembering ordered or sequential information Such as: Washington was the 1st president,or New Jersey was the 3rd state to be admitted Peg Word System

  42. This system involves using peg words, which are rhyming words associated with a number such as: One-bun; two-shoe, three-tree; four-door; five-hive; six-sticks; seven-heaven; eight-gate; nine-vine; and ten-hen Peg Word System

  43. Visually associate the item to be remembered with its “peg word” EX: Washington is the first president First goes with one The peg word for one is bun Draw Washington eating a hot dog bun Peg Word System

  44. New Jersey was the 3rd state to be admitted The peg word for three is tree Draw the state of New Jersey interacting with a tree Peg Word System

  45. Examples:

  46. Develop a peg word (word and associated illustration) for one of these items 1. California is the largest state in land size (1-bun) 2. Illinois is the 25th largest state in land size (25-hive) 3. North Carolina is 10th in order of population (10-hen) Activity

  47. Use the model, guided practice, independent practice approach Do not overwhelm students with too many mnemonics or strategies Teaching Suggestions

  48. Use the correct approach: For unfamiliar information, use the key word method For information that is numbered or ordered, use the peg word method When you can make a word or sentence, use the acronym or word or sentence method Teaching Suggestions

  49. When the information is concrete and students seem to learn through visuals, use a visual approach Teaching Suggestions

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