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Understanding the Water Cycle: From Cloud Formation to Precipitation

Learn about the water cycle, clouds, precipitation, and how temperature affects condensation. Explore the role of humidity, evaporation, and the sun's energy in this natural process.

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Understanding the Water Cycle: From Cloud Formation to Precipitation

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  1. 15.1 Water in the Air

  2. Why do water drops form on the cold glass? Where does the water come from?

  3. Weather • The condition of the atmosphere at a certain time.

  4. Water Cycle • The movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, and the oceans

  5. Precipitation-rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from clouds to Earth’s surface. Condensation-the process by which water vapor changes from a gas to a liquid. Clouds form. Evaporation- the process by which liquid water changes into water vapor which is a gas. Runoff- water that flows over land and into rivers, streams, and eventually the ocean.

  6. What is the main source of energy for the water cycle? The sun is the main source of energy for the water cycle.

  7. Humidity • The amount of water vapor in the air

  8. Water Vapor • The part of total atmospheric pressure that is caused by water vapor.

  9. Dew Point • The temperature at which the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation balances.

  10. Relative humidity • The ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount of water vapor needed to reach saturation at a given temperature.

  11. Condensation • The process by which a gas, such as water vapor, becomes a liquid.

  12. Dew • Water droplets that form when air cools to below the dew point and the air touches these (grass, leaves, etc.) cold surfaces.

  13. How does a drop in temperature cause condensation? If the temperature drops below the dew point temperature, the rate of condensation exceeds the rate of evaporation and droplets of water will form.

  14. Clouds • A collection of millions of tiny water droplets or ice crystals.

  15. Types of Clouds • Stratus clouds • Cumulus clouds • Cirrus Clouds

  16. How does air movement cause clouds to form? When air rises, it cools. When it cools to below the dew point, water droplets or ice crystals condense on small particles in the air to form a cloud.

  17. Precipitation • Water, in any form, that falls to Earth’s surface from the clouds • Rain, snow, sleet, hail

  18. What is precipitation, and what causes it? Precipitation is water in any form that falls to Earth’s surface from clouds. Precipitation occurs when water droplets that condense on small particles in the air reach a certain size so that they fall.

  19. Review Questions • Explain how relative humidity relates to the amount of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount of water vapor needed to reach saturation at a given temperature.

  20. What is the water cycle’s energy source? • The sun is the water cycle’s energy source. • What happens to the rates of condensation and evaporation as the air temperature drops below the dew point. • As the air drops to below the dew point, the rate of condensation increases and exceeds the rate of evaporation.

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