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15.1 – Feeding the World. Objectives. Identify the major causes of malnutrition. Compare the environmental costs of producing different types of food. Explain how poverty is a major cause of malnutrition. Explain the importance of the green revolution. Warm Up.
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Objectives • Identify the major causes of malnutrition. • Compare the environmental costs of producing different types of food. • Explain how poverty is a major cause of malnutrition. • Explain the importance of the green revolution.
Warm Up • What are 3 things you Know or think you know about agriculture? • What are 3 things you want to Learn about agriculture?
Feeding the World • Famine– widespread starvation caused by a shortage of food • By 2050, the world’s farmers will need to feed about 9 billion people
Humans and Nutrition • Food is needs as a source of energy and as a source of materials for building and maintaining body tissue. • Malnutrition – condition that occurs when people do not consume enough Calories or do not eat a sufficient variety of food to fulfill the body’s needs
Sources of Nutrition • Diet – type and amount of food one eats • A healthy diet maintains a balance of the right amounts of nutrients, minerals, and vitamins. • In most parts of the world people eat large amounts of carbohydrates (rice, potatoes, bread, fruits, vegetables)
Diets Around the World • People in more developed countries tend to eat more food and larger proportions of proteins and fats. • Check Your Understanding: Why do you think people in developing countries eat less protein?
The Ecology of Food • Food Efficiency • Efficiency of a given type of agriculture is the measure of the quantity of food produced on a given area of land. • More energy, water, and land are used to produce a Calorie of food from animals than a Calorie of food from plants.’ • This is because there is less energy available as you move higher in the food chain.
Old and New Foods • Yield – the amount of food that can be produced in a given area • Researchers are looking at organisms that can thrive in many different climates as new sources of food. • Example: Glasswort may be used for salads in the future because it can be grown in salty soils.
World Food Problems • Poverty • Poverty results in malnutrition in many countries. • Subsistence Farmers – farmers who grow only enough food for local use; they generally grow enough for their families with hopefully a little left over to sell
World Food Problems continued… • More Income and More Food • The number of people living in extreme poverty has declined by nearly half a billion since 1980. • This is mainly because of the rapid economic development in East Asia (China and India). • We will however see problems in the future because of our increasing world population.
The Green Revolution • Between 1950 and 1970 Mexico and India dramatically increased their grain production because of new varieties of grain that produced larger yields of food. • This reduced the price of food and improved the lives of millions of people.
Objectives • Distinguish between traditional and modern agricultural techniques. • Describe fertile soil. • Describe the need for soil conservation. • Explain the benefits and environmental impacts of pesticide use.. • Explain what is involved in integrated pest management. • Explain how genetic engineering is used in agriculture.
