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Intelligence

Intelligence. Skull size Stephen Jay Gould – “Mismeasure of Man” Reaction Time – Led to immigrant ranking and job delineation. What was the original IQ based on ? Binet- Simon Scale. 1 st standardized intelligence test Mental age = estimation based on skills

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Intelligence

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  1. Intelligence • Skull size • Stephen Jay Gould – “Mismeasure of Man” • Reaction Time – Led to immigrant ranking and job delineation

  2. What was the original IQ based on ? Binet- Simon Scale • 1st standardized intelligence test • Mental age = estimation based on skills • Chronological age = age in years • IQ Score = MA / CA x 100 • Ratio IQ vs. Deviation IQ used today

  3. What is used currently ? Two –Factor Theory*** • G- General Ability (FSIQ) • Integration of different cognitive tasks • S- Specific Mental abilities • Math, Verbal, Mechanics, etc.

  4. What is on the IQ test ? (Wechsler Scales) • WPPSI, WISC-III, WAIS-III – Verbal and Performance Scales on each • Verbal domain – long-term memory, short-term memory, verbal reasoning, mental math & social reasoning

  5. Wechsler Scales • Performance Domain – visual attention to detail, visual sequencing, fine-motor writing speed, visual-spatial problem-solving and perceptual organization

  6. How do we know if these measures are accurate? • Psychometric Concepts • Validity – Does it measure what it is supposed to? • Reliability – Are the results consistent over time?

  7. What do the scores tell us ? • Statistical Representation resembling a bell curve (Normal Distribution) • Average cognition = 100 • Limited capabilities – below 70 IQ • Giftedness – above 130 IQ

  8. Do IQ scores predict anything? • IQ correlation: • grades, years of education, academic success • VIQ more highly predictive of success • Low correlation with job performance

  9. What are the Risks of IQ testing ?*** • 1 isolated measure in time – not comprehensive • Stigma/labeling – moron, average, gifted • Test Bias – many factors can affect score

  10. Does nature or nurture affect IQ more ? • IQ Score Correlations • IT’s reared together – 0.85 • IT’s “” apart - 0.72 • FT’s “” together – 0.60 • FT’s “” apart – 0.50 • Sibs “” together- 0.45 • Sibs “” apart- 0.25

  11. What do PET Scans show about intelligence? • Gender Differences – males & females use different regions • Score Differences – Those with lower IQ show 20% more neural activity

  12. Are there other ways to look at intelligence ? • Multiple Intelligences (Gardner) • 8 variations • Inventory vs. Standardized Test • Emotional Intelligence

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