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Unit 4

Unit 4. Counsellor’s Attitude and Skills. Counsellor’s Attitude. Common feelings of clients:. Positive emotions-clients. Effortless understanding Quick solution Right answer Enthusiasm Relief. Dos for counsellors. Donts for counsellors. Qualities of an effective counsellor.

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Unit 4

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  1. Unit 4

  2. Counsellor’s Attitude and Skills

  3. Counsellor’s Attitude • Common feelings of clients:

  4. Positive emotions-clients • Effortless understanding • Quick solution • Right answer • Enthusiasm • Relief

  5. Dos for counsellors

  6. Donts for counsellors

  7. Qualities of an effective counsellor • Concern for client • Versatility • Positive regard • Assurance of confidentiality • Source of help • Self awareness and cultural awareness • empathy

  8. Credibility • Neutrality ----common errors: Personal bias , rash judgement , stereotyping , losing emotional control, inflexible counselling methods , improper follow up • Flexibility • Supportiveness

  9. Counseling skills 1.social skills: • Person-person relationship • A. credibility:- enhancing expertise by study and practice , creating trust by maintaining integrity relationship • B. confidentiality:-fully discussed before first session • C. attention:-verbal messages and non-verbal messages

  10. 2.Learning skills • A. sensory skills:- sensitivity with which one has to grasp information • B. perceptual skills:- forming quick impression , stereotyping , taking a neutral sense of evaluation are perceptual problems • C. cognitive skills:-why, what, where , who, when and how….(analytical thinking process) • E.g.: I am unhappy because my boss shouted at me

  11. D. reflexity: ability to adapt to the mode of explanation of the client • E. suspension: develop the skills of suspending his own judgement • F. dilation and constriction: reorganisation

  12. Client can dilate in the following ways:- • Dilation-behave aggressively and widen his areas of interest • Jump from topic to topic and see possibilities every where • Start seeing things as being related to his problem

  13. Constriction :helps in dealing with chaos and anxiety by avoiding incompatibilities • G. observation: clients body language • Needs meta communication skills to see through .

  14. Eg. client(loud, quick and harsh tone): my boss should not have spoken like that in front of my team members • Counsellor :your voice suggests that you are very irritated • Client :yes, you got me right. when I think of the incident, I experience a surge of anger

  15. 3.Communication skills • A. attention: • B. Non-verbal signals- supporting signals are: • Posture : sit upright and relax. Do not slouch in the chair • Eye contact : direct • Facial expression: smile with affection • Seating: distance of 3,5 feet is appropriate

  16. C. encouragers: be continuers • Non-verbal expression: smiles and grimaces, nodding the head , leaning forward, making sounds like “ahh” • Assertive –I am listening, I am with you, I follow you with a nodding head

  17. Permission-I want to listen ,please go ahead, with a curious expression on face , eye searching • Request –I want to understand more about your experience, with an open posture , sitting up right • Direction-can you tell me more about the incident that angered you last week or I am curious about

  18. D. listening skills: • Top down-using prior knowledge and experience • Bottom up- processing information • Problems of selective reception-attentive ear and open mind • Filtering-

  19. E. spoken skills:

  20. 4.Empathy skills • Attending ,acknowledging • Re-stating , paraphrasing • Reflecting • Interpreting • Summarizing ,synthesizing • Probing • Giving feedback • Supporting • Checking perceptions • Being quiet

  21. A. subsuming: more than empathy • Counsellor strives to move on inner pathways of the client

  22. 5.Probing skills • Probing involves deep exploration to know extensively as well as intensively the problems and related aspects • Inquiry process –methods: • A .Questioning techniques • B. Statements • C. Reflective methods

  23. A. Questioning techniques: • Open questions : begin with what , where , how etc • E.g.: what happens when you go late to work? How many days were you late and what happened most of the times?

  24. Hypothetical questions: • Encourage client to speculate upon their own feelings, views and behaviour and those on others • E.g.: counsellor-if you leave the company what will happen? If you stay what will happen?

  25. Why questions: • E.g.: why do you hate your boss? • Closed questions: • Simply yes or no answers • E.g.: client-I am planning to quit the job • Counsellor -did you inform your boss • Client-no

  26. Either /or questions: • Making client dilemmatic • E.g.: counsellor - is it your boss or the nature of work that is causing dissatisfaction in your present job? • Multiple questions: • Many questions one shot

  27. Leading questions: • Reply is expected

  28. Guidelines to questioning techniques • Specific • Clear • Concise • Direct • Open

  29. B. Statements: • E.g.: • Counsellor- what are you going to do now? • Counsellor- you said you are unhappy with your boss. I wonder how you respond to him

  30. C. Reflective methods: • Ability to communicate with the client’s internal frame of reference is called reflective skill • External reference =internal reference

  31. Restating- • Respond with word or phrase • Paraphrasing- • ability to state a key idea from what the client has said • Summarizing- • First stage it is called attending counselling

  32. 6.Deeper Exploration skills • Deeper exploration aims at helping clients discover their true self • Hidden areas: • A client may not want to disclose some of his thoughts and feelings or even certain incidents of the past

  33. Blind spot: • A client may not know his or her inner feelings. • He is either dimly aware of them or totally unaware of certain dimensions of his personality and orientations

  34. A. challenging: • Challenging is a powerful approach to shift the client from one perspective to another • Helps to discover the unknown weakness and strengths of clients

  35. Types of challenges • Confrontation • Self-confrontation • Feedback • Additional information • Directives • Counsellor self disclosure

  36. Confrontation- • The counsellor confronts the client to make him aware of any faulty ,distorted and Baseless feelings or views that have been immobilizing or disempowering his personality

  37. Self-confrontation- • Talk to himself pointing out his weaknesses and strengths • Feed back- • Feedback refers to return communication to the client based on what the client has said

  38. E.g.: • Client : I hate my boss .I don’t think I can work under him • Counsellor : you said in the beginning you liked him a lot • Client: yes, but not now. I put up with him all these days • Counsellor : you have tolerance toward mistakes(positive feedback)

  39. Additional information: should be • Relevant • Precise • Concrete • Not advice

  40. D irectives: • ‘say more about your feelings’ • ‘explain more about your experience’ • ‘do not shift from this :elaborate and explain’

  41. Counsellor self disclosure: • Share own feelings and experience

  42. 7. Problem –solving skills • Refers to set of skills that helps to see the problem ,and search for solution • A. Scanning skills • B . Futuristic thinking skills • C. Multiple scenarios: • Asks the client to generate several imaginary pictures of the future

  43. D. Sentence completion: • E.g.: work life balance- • If my husband is supportive------------- • If my in-laws are supportive--------------

  44. E. Diagnostic skills: • F .Analytical skills • G. Force- field analysis • Eg: work- life balance: • Facilitating factors for a client: • Attractive remuneration that improves economic stability

  45. Hiring support services is possible • Company has flexi-time facility • Hindering factors can be: • Children need mother’s care • Support services are not reliable and also costly • In-laws are opposed employment

  46. H. Creative thinking skills: • I . Brainstorming • J. Negotiating skills • K. Change management skills: • Anticipation

  47. Commitment • Encounter • Confirmation/disconfirmation • Constructive revision • L. Monitoring skills:

  48. Assessing the clients • 1.Guidelines for assessment: • A. Each individual is unique • B. Differences exist among individuals • C. Assessment requires direct participation of individuals • D. Accuracy depends on instruments and individuals • E. Assessment is bound by professional codes

  49. 2.Assessment tools: • a. Standardized testing tools: • Intelligence testing, aptitude testing, interest inventories and personality tests • B. Non- standardized testing tool: • Observation, Socratic questionnaires, Alderian questionnaire, lifestyle analysis

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