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z. E || z B || x B | E. y. x. n = c/ l. l. Electro-Magnetic Radiation Characteristics. Light beam characteristics - wavelength (frequency), intensity, polarization - determine types of transitions and information accessed Energy: Q,  Flux:  =dQ/dt;  Intensity: I=d  /d 

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  1. z E|| z B || x B | E y x n = c/l l Electro-Magnetic Radiation Characteristics • Light beam characteristics- wavelength (frequency), intensity, polarization - determine types of transitions and information accessed • Energy: Q,  Flux:=dQ/dt; Intensity: I=d/d • Source radiance: B(l)=d2/(ddAscos • Irradiance on Detector: E=d/dAdet k|| y

  2. Light Polarization [courtesy Hinds Inc. brochure] RR = l/4 Rlin = 0 RL = -l/4 Right Circular Polarization Left Circular Polarization Linear Polarization Preserved in isotropic medium Phase retard orthogonal polarizations forward or back with birefringent medium

  3. Left Circular Polarization Right Circular Polarization Light Polarization Modulation PEM oscillates phase retardation & sense circular polarization k k

  4. Light (E-M Radiation) Characteristics • Frequency matches change in energy, type of motion E = hn, where n = c/l (in sec-1 or Hz) • Intensity increases the transition probability— AbsorbanceI ~ e2 –where eis the Electric Field strength in the radiation • Absorbance is ratioA = -log(I/Io) • Linear Polarization aligns to direction of dipole change A ~ [dm/dQ]2where Q is the coordinate of the motion Circular Polarization results from an interference:R ~Im(m •m)m and m are electric and magnetic dipole C-H C=O IR of an oil C-C A CH2 hn

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