The Austrian Habsburgs and the Rise of Prussia

1. The Austrian Habsburgs and the Rise of Prussia Angela Ray, Bethany Higgins, AlysMaynord, Dana Holt, Summer Boyd * Means definition (pay attention)

2. The Austrian Habsburgs1648-1740 • Habsburg Emperor: Leopold I • His empire was positioned between the French in the West and the Turks in the East Dana Holt

3. Leopold I • His brother died of small pox in 1657, making him become the Holy Roman Emperor at the age of 17. • Deeply religious • At first, he did not play the role of monarch very well because he believed he would have a career in the church • Married 3 times • Had 16 sons and daughters • Well accomplished musician and performed for his court. • He built *Schӧnbrunn

4. *Schӧnbrunn • Definition: Leopold I’s palace on the outskirts of Vienna • Was built to rival the palace of Louis XIV’s palace, Versailles • Over 400 rooms with gardens and fountains- one of the most impressive palaces in Europe

5. Treaty of Carlowitz • A Turkish army marched up the Danube River and attacked Vienna • After 2 months of attacking the city, an army from Hungary defeated the Turks • These events opened the gate for the Habsburgs’ reconquest of Hungary • The occupation of the Turks in Hungary destroyed the Hungarian land • The Turks was again tried to recoquer Hungary but failed • In 1699, after the Habsburgs defeated the Turks, the Treaty of Carlowitz confirmed the Habsburgs reconquest of Hungary

6. Francis II of Rakoczi • During the War of the Spanish Succession, problems occurred in the Eat when a Transylvanian prince, Francis II of Rakoczi, led a rebelion against Leopold I in Hungary. • In 1711, he was defeated by the Habsburgs • They won because there was a large non-Hungarian population now in Hungary that supported the Habsburgs. • Rakoczi went into hiding under the Muslim sultan, and died in exile.

7. The Peace of Szatmar • The Treaty of 1711(after Rakoczi attacked Leopold I)uniting Hungary to the other Habsburg lands through the common ruler. • Which increased Habsburg power

8. Habsburg Monarchy • In the Habsburg lands at the top of the social system were the Magnates* • The Magnates were fabulously rich, few in number, but dominated Habsburg administration and government. • At the bottom of the social system, were the Serfs* • They were the vast majority of people that lived in the country side, who were bound peasants to the land as a labor force.

9. War of Austrian Succession • Charles VI was the successor of Leopold I • He became the ruler over Austrian and Spanish Habsburg land (reconstituting Charles V empire) • However, many European states feared that this succession would upset the European balance of power • So they supported the division of the Habsburg lands between the Habsburgs and Bourbons, which was written in the Treaty of Utrecht (ending the War of the Spanish Succession) • During his reign, he devoted his life to making sure his daughter succeeded him- Maria Theresa • War of Austrian Succession • When he died, war broke loose… the European rulers would not recognize Maria Theresa as the next ruler of Austrian Habsburg land • A new ruler, Frederick II, King of Prussia, fought against Maria Theresa in the war • ***the new war showed how we weak the Habsburgs had become***

10. The Rise of Prussia1640-1740 • It emerged out of the chaos of the Thirty Years War, North of the Habsburgs land • Prussia was a poor country, but the rulers wanted it to become a major European power • The rulers: • consolidated the states territories • Strengthened the state administration • Raised revenue • Enlarged Prussia’s army

11. Territorial ConsolidationFrederick William Hohenzollern • Fredrick William Hohenzollern: • Known as the Great Elector • Ruler of Brandenburg and other territories from Northern Germany to the Polish Border • One of the eight German princes to elect the Holy Roman Emperor • Tow policy goals for his lands: to build up his army and to reorganize his finances to pay for it • Imposed excise tax • The von Hohenzollern’s had one third of their country’s agricultural land • He united all his lands into a single state was the most important military figure in Germany • Succeeded by his son Frederick, who adopted the title of King of Prussia

12. Ruled from the years 1740 to 1786 Frederick William von Hohenzollern

13. King Frederick William I • A strict Calvinist (although Prussia was mainly Lutheran) who believed in the principle that he was responsible to God alone • Very violent- even beat his people, including his son, with his cane • Continued his grandfather’s two policies: • Strengthening the royal administration • Enlarging the army of Prussia

14. King Frederick William I

15. Prussia’s Army under Frederick William I • 80,000 men • Making it the fourth largest army in Europe • Commandment of troops were under Prussian nobility • This bounded the nobility to his government and created a tradition of loyal state service among his nobles • Military budget was granted with taxes and domain revenues, not with borrowing money like other states • Army was mostly occupied with people from Prussia

16. Effects of King Frederick William I • Prussia had a very successful economy • Great army • Doubled the size of it • Reluctant to use it in war (which saved it for what was about to come…) • When Frederick William I died, his son, Frederick II took over Prussia • Frederick II went after Maria Theresa and started the war of Austrian Succession with Frederick William’s I army