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Climate Change & Communities – The Role of NGOs in the Last Mile

Climate Change & Communities – The Role of NGOs in the Last Mile. Jemilah Mahmood National Seminar on Socio-Economic Impacts On Extreme Weather & Climate Changes Putrajaya, 21 June 2007. Saijo, October 2004. Toyooka October 2004. Fukuoka June 1999. Beijing July 2004. Hue November 1999.

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Climate Change & Communities – The Role of NGOs in the Last Mile

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  1. Climate Change & Communities – The Role of NGOs in the Last Mile Jemilah Mahmood National Seminar on Socio-Economic Impacts On Extreme Weather & Climate Changes Putrajaya, 21 June 2007

  2. Saijo, October 2004 Toyooka October 2004 Fukuoka June 1999 Beijing July 2004 Hue November 1999 Kathmandu July 2002

  3. Findings in Johor Field Assessment and its implications to long-term disaster reduction

  4. Background: Problems • Excessive rainfall / changing rainfall pattern • Impacts on different sectors • Strong impacts on the production sectors (related to farm and agriculture) • Lack of recent experience of major catastrophic floods

  5. Johor Field Trip (22 Feb 07)

  6. Key Issue 1: Climate Change • Due to changing climate the rainfall pattern and amount is changing • Two major issues of climate prediction • Scale: local level vs. regional • Time: near future vs. far future • Need to focus on Climate change adaptation

  7. Key Issue 2: Community Participation No community interface: The Last Mile

  8. Indonesian villagers damage tsunami warning siren after it accidentally went off in Aceh By: Associated Press - JAKARTA, Indonesia -- Angry villagers stoned a tsunami warning siren in Aceh province after it accidentally went off, triggering panic in the region hardest hit by the 2004 killer waves, an official said Thursday.Several false alarms in Kaju district early Monday sent thousands of people fleeing to high ground before they were finally urged by police to return home. Roads were clogged with motorbikes and cars for more than an hour. When another siren sounded in nearby Lhoknga later that afternoon, frustrated residents threw rocks at its electrical panel, said Syahnan Sobri of the local Meteorological and Geophysics Agency. "It was too high up, so they stoned it," he said, adding that technicians were being sent to the scene to survey the damage.The 2004 tsunami killed some 230,000 people in 12 nations, almost half of them in Aceh.The country is establishing a nationwide tsunami warning system with foreign funds, but not all of its coastline is covered.

  9. Flood and disaster is a product of interaction of natural and human environment Disaster as a cause and environmental problem as a consequence Environment as a cause and disaster as a consequence Environment-disaster linkage is important Key Issue 3: Environment Perspective

  10. Recovery related investigation: Livelihoods Local Infrastructure Local Organizational Structure Psycho-social issues

  11. Long term risk reduction investigation: Environment Land-use Traditional Knowledge

  12. Indicative local needs • Livelihood resilience • Drainage clearance, de-silting • Revival of traditional housing system • Awareness on do’s and don’ts • Psychosocial assistance capacity building • Stronger information flow at community level • Better understanding of water system, environment

  13. Need • To develop an integrated program on flood risk reduction, which has: • A series of field practices in terms of implementation • A strategy and policy implication in terms of state and national level interventions

  14. Strength Strong community bond Basic infrastructure in position Weakness Possible gap between research policy and its implementation Lack of community involvement in decision making and implementation Opportunity Disaster event as a recent memory Community and government’s receptiveness Existing experiences of the country (MERCY Malaysia) and other parts of the region (ADRRN) Threat Sustainability of the initiative Should not be a recovery program, but a field laboratory of community initiatives Partnership and involvement of local institutions SWOT (Preliminary) of Post-disaster situation

  15. Framework of Action Program Implementation Synergy Policy Research

  16. Community based climate change adaptation and implication to disaster risk reduction Community based interventions Findings linked to long term disaster preparedness and risk reduction Findings linked to policy and strategy on disaster risk reduction Findings linked to training and capacity building of stakeholders Proposal: 3 year integrated program

  17. Component 1: Initiatives in Johor Step1: Assessment: Scenario Step 2: Planning: Safer plan Step 3: Implementation: Action Step 4: Dissemination: Training Component 2: Training and capacity building Component 3: Action research and implication to policy and field implementation Program Components

  18. Development of risk scenario Analysis of climate change impacts Analysis of local risk and resources Participatory analysis Merging of scientific data with local knowledge GIS data bases and simulation Community’s perception and knowledge base Step 1: Assessment

  19. Step 2: Planning • Participatory planning • Local development plan • Incorporation of risk scenario in development plans • Two aspects • Safer community plan • Safer production plan

  20. Step 3: Implementation • Selected community based interventions, which has direct relation to the climate change adaptation and risk reduction • Sector-wise small interventions • Irrigation • Health • Education • ? • ?

  21. Step 4: Dissemination • Documentation is the first step for dissemination • Local dimension of information dissemination • Information on climate and weather issues • Warning as a part of regular dissemination program • Agriculture related information • Cultural and socio-economic issues • National and regional dimension of information dissemination

  22. Implementing/Supporting Partners • District and State Governments • National Government and agency • Related departments (examples) • Department of Meteorology and Hydrology • Department of Irrigation • MKN (National Security Council) • Universities in Malaysia • MERCY Malaysia as the field implementing partner • Corporate sector • ADRRN (Asian Disaster Reduction and Response Network) • SEEDS • SEEDS Asia • Kyoto University Mercy Malaysia ADRRN: SEEDS, BDPC Kyoto University, Local University COMMUNITY Related Depts: Hydro, Met, Irrigation, MKN, etc. District/State Government National Government

  23. Civil society & NGOs are the bridge between government and communities Role in building resilience of communities through CBDRM activities Research and knowledge essential for appropriate dissemination of information PARTNERSHIP & ACCOUNTABILITY is crucial for the success of communities post disaster NGOs in the Last Mile

  24. Questions/Comments?

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