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Introduction to the Cultures of North American Aboriginal Peoples

Introduction to the Cultures of North American Aboriginal Peoples. Introduction. Readings Social, political and mythological structures Seminar Economic structures, material culture Materials on website http://www.phil.muni.cz/~vndrzl/indians/aj17050.htm Ethnographic Present Problems

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Introduction to the Cultures of North American Aboriginal Peoples

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  1. Introduction to the Cultures ofNorth American Aboriginal Peoples Introduction

  2. Readings Social, political and mythological structures Seminar Economic structures, material culture Materials on website http://www.phil.muni.cz/~vndrzl/indians/aj17050.htm Ethnographic Present Problems Division of labor Gender Equality

  3. Resource Distribution • Resources • Food • Non-food raw materials • Agricultural/non-agricultural groups • Sedentary/non-sedentary • Impact on material culture • Other important factors • Mobility of resources • Predictability of resources

  4. Cultural Regions • North America is normally divided into eight cultural regions • Each region has its own characteristic cultural adaptation or “lifeway” • The regions are:

  5. Cultural Adaptations • The adaptations in these eight regions can be divided into two groups: • Hunters and Gatherers • People who hunt animals and collect plants found in nature • Arctic, Sub-arctic, Northwest Coast, Plateau, California, Great Basin, Great Plains (post-1700) • Horticulturalists (Agriculturalists) • Planted crops and harvested them • Corn (maize), beans and squash • “The Three Sisters” • Southwest, Great Plains (pre-1700), Northeastern Woodlands, Southeastern Woodlands • On the Great Plains the introduction of the horse and the movement of peoples from the east allowed the creation of the well known bison hunting culture

  6. Terminology • English-Czech vocabulary • See glossary • American Indian • Native American • First Nations/First Peoples • Group References • “Tribal” names may refer to: • A language grouping • Sioux • A political grouping • Iroquois • A linguistic-political grouping • Hopi

  7. Group Names • Terms for groups may not be the same that the groups themselves use: • Sioux • French, short for Nadouessioux, from Ottawa dialect of nadowe-is-iw, naadoweesiwag, an ethnic name, lit., “adders” (1761) [Dakota, Lakota] • Dakota/Lakota/Nakota • Dakota dakóta, “allies,” from da to think of as + koda friends (1804) • Eskimo • Danish, of Algonquian origin; akin to Cree askimowew “he eats it raw” (1689) • In Canada, term used today is “Inuit” • Inuktitut inuit, plural of inuk “person” (1765) • In Alaksa, Eskimo is still used • Inuktitut-speaking • Yupik-speaking

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