Ch. 2: North American Cultures

1. Ch. 2: North American Cultures Vocabulary: expeditions, cultures, missions, immigrants, Hernando de Soto

2. Cultural Exchange Because the Native Americans and the Europeans had no contact with each other before the Explorers came to the New World each of their cultures was greatly different than the others. This was good in some ways and bad in others. But, eventually both cultures changes because of contact with the other.

3. There were three European nations that had their eyes on conquering “the New World”: England, France, and Spain They hoped they could find gold, spices, and silver here. They thought the Native Americans were strange, because they dressed in furs, or often in no clothes at all. They thought the land was strange, because the forests and animals were bigger than they were used to back in Europe. European Influence

4. The Native Americans thought the Europeans were strange, too. The Europeans wore suits made of metal that they called armor and carried guns. They also brought new animals with them like horses, cows, and pigs. Native American Influence

5. Cultural Traits • Outward Cultural Traits • Houses • Clothes • Food • Art • Music • Sports • Language • Hidden Cultural Traits • Spiritual beliefs • Government • Ideas about right and wrong

6. Hernando de Soto Visits Tennessee • The First European explorer to come to Tennessee was Hernando de Soto. • He discovered the area of the Mississippi River near Memphis. • He was very brutal to the Native Americans when he came through. He considered them savages. • They passed on terrible tales about de Soto for many generations after his visit. • It was so bad that when a second Spanish explorer named Juan Pardo came through Tennessee, the natives nearly killed him, because of de Soto’s behavior.

7. One of the primary goals of the Spanish, once they found the Native Americans was to convert them to Christianity. They built large town-churches called missions to help them house the Natives. The Spanish then invited the Native Americans to come to the mission to worship. Sometimes the Native Americans came, but a lot of the time they didn’t. When the church became frustrated with not being able to get the Native Americans to come to the mission, they took them as slaves to work at the mission. Spanish Missions

8. Other Immigrants • The Spanish were not the only people who came to the Americas because of religion. • The Puritans and the Quakers were two groups of immigrants from England who fled their country to the New World so they could practice their religion, freely.

9. Changing Culture • Native Americans wanted: • GUNS • METAL • CLOTH • POTS • PANS • LIVESTOCK • Europeans wanted: • CORN • ANIMAL SKINS (ESPECIALLY DEER AND BEAVER)

10. Problems With Changing Culture • Native Americans came to depend on European goods and started to not live their traditional way of life. • Europeans wanted so many animal skins and furs that the Natives began overhunting and hunting on other tribe’s lands causing wars between tribes for food and resources.

11. Questions about Chapter 2 • What were the six things that Native Americans wanted from the Europeans? • Why did the Spanish build missions in the New World? Did it work? Why or why not? • What are the 10 things that make up culture? • How did DeSoto and his army treat the Native Americans?