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or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work?

3D. or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work?. Ben Shneiderman. Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory. & Department of Computer Science. University of Maryland. Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002.

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or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work?

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  1. 3D or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work? Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002

  2. Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of MarylandWeb3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002 3D or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work?

  3. or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work?Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of MarylandWeb3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002 3D

  4. Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Psychology - Information Studies & Education www.cs.umd.edu/hcil

  5. Scientific Approach(beyond user friendly) • Specify users and tasks • Predict and measure • time to learn • speed of performance • rate of human errors • human retention over time • Assess subjective satisfaction(Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) • Accommodate individual differences • Consider social, organizational & cultural context

  6. Design Issues • Input devices & strategies • Keyboards, pointing devices, voice • Direct manipulation • Menus, forms, commands • Output devices & formats • Screens, windows, color, sound • Text, tables, graphics • Instructions, messages, help • Collaboration & communities • Manuals, tutorials, training www.awl.com/DTUI usableweb.com useit.com

  7. Library of Congress • Scholars, Journalists, Citizens • Teachers, Students

  8. Visible Human Explorer (NLM) • Doctors • Surgeons • Researchers • Students

  9. NASA Environmental Data • Scientists • Farmers • Land planners • Students

  10. Bureau of Census • Economists, Policy makers, Journalists • Teachers, Students

  11. Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think • Visual bandwidth is enormous • Human perceptual skills are remarkable • Trend, cluster, gap, outlier... • Color, size, shape, proximity... • Human image storage is fast and vast • Opportunities • Spatial layouts & coordination • Information visualization • Scientific visualization & simulation • Telepresence & augmented reality • Virtual environments

  12. www.spotfire.com

  13. www.spotfire.com

  14. Fisheye views and Zooming User Interfaces • Distortion to magnify areas of interest User-control, zoom factors of 3-5 • Multi-scale spaces Zoom in/out & Pan left/right • Smooth zooming • Semantic zoominghttp://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/jazz/

  15. GlassEye (see Hochheiser paper in www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)

  16. Spectrum of 3-D Visualizations • Immersive Virtual Environment with head-mounted stereo display and head tracking • Desktop 3-D for 3-D worlds • medical, architectural, scientific visualizations, games • Desktop 3-D for artificial worlds • Bookhouse, file-cabinets, shopping malls • Desktop 3-D for information visualization • cone/cam trees, perspective wall, web-book • SGI directories, Visible Decisions, Media Lab landscapes • XGobi scatterplots, Themescape, Visage • Chartjunk 3-D: barcharts, piecharts, histograms

  17. Medical & Scientific Visualizations • Electronic Visualization LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago http://www.evl.uic.edu/ • Volume Visualization for Medical SUNY – Stony Brook http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~vislab/

  18. Commercial Visualizations

  19. Information & Entertainment • 3D Home pages, chat rooms www.ActiveWorlds.com • IPIX 3D room tourswww.ipix.com

  20. Are these good uses of 3D?

  21. Communication networks www.netviz.com

  22. Network Connection & Performance J.A. Brown, McGregor A.J and H-W Braun.

  23. Planar graph with towers Chaomei Chen

  24. www.cognos.com

  25. www.visualinsights.com

  26. Perspective wall (Xerox PARC) Mackinlay et al, CHI91

  27. ConeTree Xerox Park

  28. Hyperbolic trees • Visually appealing • Space limited • 2-level lookahead • Easy affordances • -Hard to scan • -Poor screen usage • -Too volatile Lamping et al. CHI 95

  29. Treemap - view large trees with node values • Space filling • Space limited • Color coding • Size coding • Requires learning TreeViz (Mac, Johnson, 1992) NBA-Tree(Sun, Turo, 1993) Winsurfer (Teittinen, 1996) Diskmapper (Windows, Micrologic) Treemap97 (Windows, UMd) Treemap 3.0 (Java, UMd) (Shneiderman, see www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemaps)

  30. Treemap - Stock market, clustered by industry see www.smartmoney.com

  31. Treemap - Stock market – 3D view

  32. WebBook

  33. WebBook-WebForager Card, Robertson, George and York, CHI 96

  34. Starlight Battelle – Pacific Northwest National Lab

  35. Themescape Wise et al., 1995 - see also www.omniviz.com

  36. Mineset

  37. IBM Research: 3D Objects & Ecological Design 3-D objects & ecological setting speed performance by 10-20% Ark, Dryer, Selker & Zhai British HCI 1998 0

  38. IBM Research: RealThings Familiar 3-D objects replace form-fillin www-3.ibm.com/ibm/easy/eou_ext.nsf/Publish/581 www.otal.umd.edu/SHORE99/daveyg/

  39. Microsoft: Data Mountain 3-D perspective & size changes cause no significant slowdown and users like them Cockburn & McKenzie, ACM CHI2001

  40. Microsoft: Task Gallery http://research.microsoft.com/ui/TaskGallery/

  41. Chalmers Univ: 3D Workspace Manager http://www.3dwm.org/

  42. Clockwise3d http://www.clockwise3d.com/

  43. Clockwise3d vs. Windows Explorer UMd Student Team Project -12 subjects -12 tasks Fewer clicks is faster www.otal.umd.edu/SHORE2001/winDesktop/

  44. Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory 19th Annual Symposium May 30-31, 2002 www.cs.umd.edu/hcil

  45. For More Information • Visit the HCIL website for 200 papers & info on videos(www.cs.umd.edu/hcil) • See Chapter 15 on Info Visualization Shneiderman, B., Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction: Third Edition (1998) (www.aw.com/DTUI) • January 1999 book of readings: Card, S., Mackinlay, J., and Shneiderman, B.Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think

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