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Danish consumers’ attitude towards future wind power development schemes

Danish consumers’ attitude towards future wind power development schemes. Jacob Ladenburg FAME and Food & Resource Economics Institute, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen. FAME:

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Danish consumers’ attitude towards future wind power development schemes

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  1. Danish consumers’ attitude towards future wind power development schemes Jacob Ladenburg FAME and Food & Resource Economics Institute, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen FAME: Workshop on New Development in Rights-based Fisheries Management: Community Fishing Rights

  2. Wind Power Development in Denmark (I) • Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC, 1997) • Wind power is an important component in the Danish CO2 reduction strategy (Ministry of Finance, 2003)

  3. Wind Power Development in Denmark (II) • High density of land based wind turbines • Future development: • replacing existing land wind turbines with fewer but larger turbines • increase the off-shore capacity (DMEBA, 2004).

  4. Benefits and Impacts (I) • Wind energy is a clean technology with regards to the emission of CO2, SOx, NOx (EWEA, 2002) • But.. • Visual impacts • Noise impacts • Other impacts on the environment • So what is the Danish consumers’ attitude towards increasing the wind power capacity?

  5. The study on attitude towards increase land based and off-shore wind power capacity • Questionnaires mailed to respondents in three samples: • National Sample 700 respondents. • Local samples Nysted and Horns Reef, 350 respondents each. • Response rate approximately 45 %. (Ladenburg et al. 2005)

  6. Probit model for a positive or neutral attitude (I) • Attitude towards benefits and negative impacts are assumed to be individual determined (Schlesisner & Nielsen, 1997, Berry et al. 1998, Manwell, 2002) • Attitude= f(xi) • Where xi is characterised by: • Socio-economic variables (gender, age, income, education etc) • Geographical variables (zipcode, region, size of the city, living close to a wind turbine etc.) • Energy and wind power related variables (attitude to global warming, externalities of wind turbines, attitude to nuclear power etc.)

  7. Probit model for a positive or neutral attitude (II) • Let yi*denote the individual latent variable, xi is the characteristics of individual i and εi is the individual specific error term, standard normal distributed • The latent value yi* is mapped => yi by assuming that: • yi =1 if yi* ≥0 • yi =0 if yi*<0

  8. Attitude towards more land based turbines (I)

  9. Attitude towards more land based turbines (II)

  10. Attitude towards more off-shore wind farms (I)

  11. Attitude towards more off-shore wind farms (II)

  12. Attitude towards more off-shore wind farms (III)

  13. Discussion • Age relations • Age or generation dependent • Free choice vs. economic trade-offs • What if cost increases ? • What if the impacts can be reduced ? • Moving wind farms to larger distances from the coast • Replacing the number of turbines on land with less but smaller one

  14. Conclusion • General support of the increasing wind power capacity both on land and off-shore • But information is needed on: • trade-offs between cost and location • cost and the reduction of the impacts associated with wind power generation

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