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World geography

World geography. Sept. 19, 2014. Notice. - Make-up class for Tuesday’s cancelled class will be announced later. Research Project Information. Information sheet will be uploaded to the course website later today. - Read the instructions carefully. Research Project Information.

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World geography

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  1. World geography Sept. 19, 2014

  2. Notice - Make-up class for Tuesday’s cancelled class will be announced later.

  3. Research Project Information Information sheet will be uploaded to the course website later today. - Read the instructions carefully.

  4. Research Project Information - Choose a topic that interests you (see the topic list for ideas). - Conduct extensive research on that topic (Internet, library) - Organize your research notes and create an outline for your paper, along with a references/reading list. I will check this and provide feedback.

  5. Research Project Information • Write a 6 – 8 page (double-spaced) paper. • Note: Cover page, references, maps, appendices do not count toward the page total. • Format: APA (guidelines will be available on the course website).

  6. Research Project Information Sample topics: • Population policies in a developing nation • Immigration policies in a developed nation • Culture and the physical environment • Language as a nation builder • The Global diffusion of European culture

  7. Research Project Information Deadlines: 10/03: Topic choice (notify me by email; I will provide approval) 10/31: Outline + references list (APA format) - 5/20 points of the “Projects” grade. 12/12: Final draft - 15/20 points of the “Projects” grade.

  8. Today Population (part 2) - Reasons for uneven distribution and density - Population dynamics

  9. One dot = 500,000 people

  10. Texas

  11. Texas

  12. New York City: 10,000 people/km2

  13. One dot = 500,000 people

  14. Global population

  15. Population distribution and density - The world is not lacking in space. - So why is the global population distributed like this?

  16. World texture map

  17. Global population is unevenly distributed Why? It’s not a matter of “space”, exactly. - Several factors affect how global population is distributed: Main factor: Environment.

  18. World texture map

  19. Environment and population distribution Places with lower populations tend to have hostile environments that were not/are not conductive to human population growth. (Obvious) Example: Antarctica

  20. Environment and population distribution “That’s an awesome place to live…” …said no human ever.

  21. Environment and population distribution Population of Chad: 10.3 million Population of Nigeria: 174 million

  22. Environment and population distribution

  23. Yangtze River

  24. Gobi Desert

  25. Global population distribution There are also historical and socio-political reasons underlying human population distribution. Some of these, we will visit later in the semester.

  26. Global population density – Physical factors

  27. Global population density – Human factors

  28. Population growth • Natural increase: difference between number of births and number of deaths. • Crude birth rate (CBR) - # of births per year per 1,000 people. - Crude death rate (CDR) - # of deaths per year per 1,000 people.

  29. Natural increase

  30. CBR

  31. Mortality rate

  32. Life expectancy

  33. The demographic transition model

  34. Crude Birth Rate

  35. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) • Considered a more accurate means to show reproduction in the population. • TFR = the average number of children that would be born to each woman if she bore children at the current rate for all women her age. • TFR is measured in children per woman. Replacement level TFR = 2.1 to 2.5 children/woman

  36. TFR

  37. Cultural values and fertility rate • Traditionally, more children were needed to help on the family farm (or other business). • As urbanization increased, children became more of a financial burden, and people started having less children. • Religion also plays a role (at times) in fertility rate.

  38. TFR Overalldownwardtrend (globally)

  39. Cultural values and growth Role of women in a culture/society also has a significant influence on TFR (and growth). - More equality for women = lower growth

  40. Politics and population Examples: Expansive population policies: - Communist governments (e.g. USSR, China) originally wanted large families for expansion purposes. - Government incentives programs (e.g. Sweden, Australia)Australia’s “Baby Bonus”: ($3,000 - $5,000)

  41. Politics and population Examples: Restrictive population policies: - Forced sterilization programs in India - One child policy in China (relaxed now)

  42. Population composition Key components: Age and gender • Relevance: The issues facing countries with overall young populations vary from those with aging populations. Population pyramids are used to display the two key components of population composition.

  43. Population pyramids Poorer nations Wealthier nations

  44. Population pyramids

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