AP US REVIEW

1. AP US REVIEW

2. Oregon • 1811- Fur trade in Oregon and within 10 years exploitation of resources was happening • Presbyterian Missionaries- Marcus and Narcissa Whitman and Henry and Eliza Spalding went to Oregon to convert local Indians. • Manifest Destiny

3. Relations with the Natives • All sides pursued alliances with Natives before the Revolutionary War. • Attacks by war parties prevented expansion of the colonies west. • Trade occurred, but so did the spread of disease and death.

4. Albany Congress • Meeting of the seven colonies in 1754 in Albany, NY. • Benjamin Franklin Created the Albany Plan of Union which was intended to united the colonies under Great Britain. • APOU would be used in the Articles of Confederation.

5. Development of U.S. Economy • Pre-Revolution- Trade of farm goods to England • Revolution- Increase in domestic manufacturing of all goods • Antebellum- Focus on farming and creation of factories in the north. • Civil War- Focus on staying alive. • Postbellum- Increase in railroad, steel, and entrepreneurship. • Gilded Age- Rise of Big Business

6. 7 Years War • (1756 – 1763) The final war between France and Great Britain, which ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763 • The Treaty gave all of North America to Great Britain, except New Orleans and the small islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. • Called the French and Indian War on the U.S. mainland. The name French and Indian War refers to the two main enemies of the British: the royal French forces and the various Native American forces allied with them. • The conflict, the fourth such colonial war between the nations of France and Great Britain, resulted in the British conquest of Canada.

7. Missouri Compromise 1820 • The admission of Missouri as a State was very bitterly opposed on the ground of its having a slaveholding constitution. • It was finally agreed as a compromise to admit it after the passage of an act of Congress forever forbidding slavery north of latitude 36 degrees 30 minutes. • That act was repealed by a bill introduced by Senator Douglas, of Illinois, known as the Nebraska Bill

8. Revolution of 1800 • The Revolution of 1800 was so named by the winner of the 1800 election, Thomas Jefferson. He called this election a revolution because his party, the Republicans, peacefully and orderly received the power with nothing but acceptance by the federalists. • It proved to other nations that the republican experiment began by the revolutionary seed of independence could not only thrive, but succeed.

9. Dred-Scott 1857 • Decision by the United States Supreme Court that ruled that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves, or their descendants—whether or not they were slaves—were not protected by the Constitution and could never be citizens of the United States.

10. Know-Nothings • A nativist American political movement of the 1840s and 1850s. It was empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants, who were often regarded as hostile to U.S. values and controlled by the Pope in Rome. • When asked if people know about the movement, they would say “I know nothing.”

11. Articles of Confederation • First constitution of the United States of America and legally established the union of the states. • The Second Continental Congress appointed a committee to draft the Articles in June 1776 and sent the draft to the states for ratification in November 1777. • Drafted a new nation to be called the United States of America.

12. Party Systems • First; 1792-1824: Federalist and Democratic-Republican Parties • Second; 1828-1854: Democratic Party and Whig Party (characterized by rise in voter turnout)

13. War with Mexico • Was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory in spite of the 1836 Texas Revolution. • Ended with Mexico losing 55% of its territory.

14. Strike Examples • Homestead Strike • Carnegie Steel Strike • Others?

15. Political Ideologies • Platform that each party stands on. • What they believe as far as ethics, government, citizen rights, political rights, etc.

16. Timber and Stone Act 1878 • Land that was deemed "unfit for farming" was sold to those who might want to "timber and stone" (logging and mining) upon the land. • Allowed for corporations to buy up thousands of acres of land to be logged for profit. • Environmental Issues?

17. Compromise of 1877 • End of the Reconstruction in the South. • Through it, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden on the understanding that Hayes would remove the federal troops that were propping up Republican state governments in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana.

18. Dawes Act • 1887 • The act provided for the division of tribally held lands into individually owned parcels and opening "surplus" lands to settlement by non-Indians and development by railroads. • Intended to collapse the tribal ties between Natives.

19. Omaha Platform • The platform represented the merger of the agrarian concerns of the Farmers' Alliance with the free-currency monetarism of the Greenback Party while explicitly endorsing the goals of the largely urban Knights of Labor. • Supported by the Populists and was somewhat successful- 11 seats in the HOR.

20. Jim Crow • The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. • Intended to create an environment of separate but equal among blacks and whites. • Segregated public places, bathrooms, etc.

21. Treaty of Portsmouth • The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War. • Mediated by Theodore Roosevelt. • He won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his mediation.

22. Panic of 1893 • Similar to the Panic of 1873, this panic was caused by railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures. • Compounding market overbuilding and a railroad bubble was a run on the gold supply and a policy of using both gold and silver metals as a peg for the US Dollar value.

23. Monetary Issues • Civil War- Greenbacks • Post Civil War- what happens? • What is specie? • Did the government go back to specie?

24. Scalawags • White southerners that supported Reconstruction in the South usually in their own self-interest. • For example, if reconstruction meant that a road would be built from a town to a city, those people would support it. • Went against the southern desires for self-help.

25. Bossism • Particularly in the Gilded Age. • Is a system of political control centering about a single powerful figure and a complex organization of lesser figures bound together by reciprocity in promoting financial and social self-interest.

26. 19th Century Politics • How was it characterized? • Who was involved? • Was there much competition?

27. Carpetbaggers • The term of contempt by Southerners for any Northerner who came to the South and gained political control with the aid of the black vote. • Many were unscrupulous and corrupt, and gained control of land through taxation. • Others benefited the South by real investment and hard labor.

28. Homework • Read all chapters you may have missed. • Good luck on your midterm…I know you’ll do well. • If you have any questions for me, email me.