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Wastewater Production, Treatment, and Use in Swaziland

Wastewater Production, Treatment, and Use in Swaziland. Saneliso Makhanya. Third Regional Workshop ‘Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture’, 26-28 September 2012, Johannesburg, South Africa. Wastewater production and treatment . Domestic Activities Rural

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Wastewater Production, Treatment, and Use in Swaziland

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  1. Wastewater Production, Treatment, and Use in Swaziland SanelisoMakhanya Third Regional Workshop ‘Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture’, 26-28 September 2012, Johannesburg, South Africa

  2. Wastewater production and treatment • Domestic Activities • Rural • Discarded without minimal treatment • Traditional method i.e. use of ash • Urban • Wastewater plants • Septic ponds • Industrial Activities • Pre-treatment by respective industries then conveyed to Septic ponds • Agricultural Activities • No treatment of waste water

  3. Wastewater use and/or disposal • There are no direct uses of wastewater in Swaziland • Treated wastewater is channeled to the main watercourse and used for irrigation downstream. • Some communities use it for watering backyard gardens with or without traditional treatments • There is a potential of wastewater use but the problem is the stigma attached to wastewater

  4. Regulations and implementation of guidelines • Two official institutions responsible for wastewater in rural and urban areas • Rural Water Supply Branch • Swaziland Water Services Corporation • Draft National Water Policy (2011) and the Swaziland Water Act (2003) advocate for fresh water management and docile on re-use of wastewater • No efforts have been made to recycle wastewater for re-use

  5. Challenges • Stigma attached to wastewater • People are unwilling to adopt wastewater use • People perceive wastewater re-use as taboo • Most industries cheat and never pre-treat their wastewater water • Polluter Pays Principle exist but not enforced • Limited capacity and expertise within the water sector • No courses/programme offered at the university specifically for wastewater

  6. Government’s approach to wastewater management • Outlining the possibilities of wastewater use in future • Government water reports • Mandating institutions to deal with wastewater • Rural Water Supply Board • Swaziland Water Services Corporation • Training communities to reuse wastewater for backyard gardens • Rural Water Supply Board

  7. Possible solutions • Capacity building • Introduce wastewater programmes at University level • knowledge, attitude, practice • Awareness creation • Exchange programme with institutions already implementing wastewater use. • Policies focusing on wastewater re-use and management • Enabling environment • Authorities should be willing to adopt wastewater reuse and management

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