South American Geograph y

1. South American Geography 7th Grade WH/GEO Period #2 Please Take notes

2. Countries & Capitals • Argentina- Buenos Aires • Brazil- Brasilia • Chile- Santiago • Peru- Lima • Paraguay- Asuncion • Uruguay- Montevideo • Ecuador- Quito • Bolivia- Bogota • Venezuela- Caracas • French Guyana- Cayenne • Suriname- Paramaribo • Guyana- Georgetown

3. Argentina • Climate: mostly temperate; arid in southeast; sub- Antarctic in southwest. • landforms: it is home to Patagonia in the South, and Andes along the Western Border. • Resources: tin, fertile plains, uranium, lead, manganese, zinc, copper, iron ore, petroleum. • It has a total area of 2,766, 890 sq km • 10.03% of the land is arable

4. Chile • Climate: temperate; cool and damp in south; desert in north, Mediterranean in central region. • Landforms: low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east. • Resources: nitrates, copper, wood, iron ore, molybdenum precious metals, hydropower. • It has a total area of 756, 950 sq km. • 2.62% of the land is arable.

5. Peru • Climate: varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes. • Landforms: western coastal plain, high and rugged Andes in center, eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin. • Resources: copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas. • It has a total area of 1,285,220 sq km.

6. Paraguay • Climate: subtripical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west. • Landforms: grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest. • Resources: Hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone. • It has a total area of 406,750 sq km • 7.47% of the land is arable. • It is Land locked.

7. Uruguay • Climate: warm Temperature; Freezing temperatures almost unknown. • Landforms: mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland. • Resources: arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries. • It has a total area of 176,220 sq km. • 7077% of the land is arable.

8. Ecuador • Climate: tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands. • Landforms: Coastal plain, inter-Andean central highlands, and flat to rolling eastern jungle. • Resources: fish, petroleum, wood, hydropower. • It has a total area of 283,560 sq km. • 5071% of the land is arable.

9. Bolivia • Climate: varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid. • Landforms: rugged Andes Mountains with highland plateau, hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin. • Resources: iron, hydropower, lead, tin, natural gas, silver, zinc, tungsten, antimony, gold, wood, petroleum. • It has a total land area of 1,098,580 sq km. • 2.78% of the land is arable • It is landlocked country.

10. Columbia • Climate: tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands. • Landforms: flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains. • Resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower. • It has a total area of 1,138,910 sq km. • 2.01% of the land is arable.

11. Venezuela • Climate: tropical; hot, humid, more moderate in highlands. • Landforms: Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast. • Resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds. • It has a total area of 912,050 sq km. • 2085% of the land is arable.