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Hershey and Chase Experiments: DNA as Genetic Material

The Hershey and Chase experiments using labeled T2 bacteriophage provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material, based on the entry of 35S-labeled protein and absence of 32P-labeled DNA in host cells. The experiments also showed that mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, supporting the hypothesis of mRNA as the template for protein synthesis. Additionally, the adaptor hypothesis developed by Crick addressed the limitations of the conventionally held model for protein synthesis. The hypothesis of the genetic code consisting of three nucleotides supports the conclusion that every amino acid has at least one unique corresponding codon. Lastly, the processes of transcription and translation occur in opposite directions, and the template DNA sequence 5'-UGG-3' encodes the amino acid tryptophan.

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Hershey and Chase Experiments: DNA as Genetic Material

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  1. The Hershey and Chase experiments using 35S- and 32P-labeled T2 bacteriophage supported the hypothesis that DNA is the genetic material because __________. • 35S-labeled phage protein entered the host cell • new T2 progeny contained35S-labeled protein • 32P-labeled phage DNA did not enter the host cell • new T2 progeny contained 32P-labeled DNA

  2. Which one of the following components is NOT required for DNA synthesis? DNA polymerase deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) a DNA template ribonucleotide triphosphates (rNTPs)

  3. Data from pulse-chase studies showed that most mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. These data supported the hypothesis that __________. DNA directly serves as the template for protein synthesis mRNA serves as the template for protein synthesis protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus mRNA synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm

  4. Crick developed the adaptor hypothesis in response to all EXCEPT which of the following limitations of the conventionally held model for protein synthesis? the unlikelihood that a folded RNA template could directly interact with hydrophobic amino acids the unlikelihood that a folded RNA template could discriminate between amino acids of a similar size the unlikelihood that a folded RNA template could form a cavity specific enough to fit only one given amino acid the unlikelihood that a folded RNA template could directly interact with hydrophilic amino acids

  5. The hypothesis that the genetic code consisted of groups of three nucleotides rather than groups of two nucleotides supports which of the following conclusions? Some codons must code for multiple amino acids. Every amino acid has at least one unique corresponding codon. Every amino acid has only one corresponding codon. All codons encode an amino acid.

  6. Which one of the following statements about the processes of transcription and translation is FALSE? The synthesis of mRNA occurs in the 5 to 3 direction. The synthesis of proteins occurs in the 5 to 3 direction. The DNA template is read in the 3to 5 direction during mRNA synthesis. A transcribed mRNA and its non-template DNA strand are both oriented the same way with respect to the template DNA strand.

  7. Using the table of the genetic code, identify which one of the following template DNA sequences encodes the amino acid tryptophan. 5-UGG-3 5-TGG-3 5-CCA-3 5-GGT-3

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