ATM and ADSL for High Speed Internet Access

1. ATM and ADSL for High Speed Internet Access Luis Rodrigues (luis.rodrigues@itu.int) ITU - International Telecommunication Union IBC Asia Conference on “High Speed Internet Infrastructure ‘97” Singapore, Sydney November 1997

2. Agenda • Context: • Critical factors towards GIS: Convergence • Internet and the computing paradigm • General trends • Access Network • Technologies • ADSL market entry strategies • ADSL and ATM • Scenarios • ADSL-based ATM networks • Requirements • ITU related

3. Driving Situation • Liberalization, Deregulation, Privatization • Competition • Internet • Digitalization • Technological changes • Consumerization • Globalization • Mobility, telecommuting

4. The Converging Information Society

5. Routes to the Information Society The IT Path The TV Path Pay TV Interactive TV Main frame Mmedia PC TV PC The Mobile Path The PC Path Advanced Mobile Services Narrow band Internet Broad band Internet Fixed Mobile PC The Informa tion Society The Informa tion Society The Capacity Path The Mobile Path Narrow band Voice Narrow band data ISDN & Comp. Fixed Line Phone Advanced Mobile Services Broad Band Mobile The Content Path The Content Path Information Kiosks Messaging Public Libraries Electronic Messaging Paper On-line Source: Spectrum Analysis

6. Internet and the computing paradigm • 60-70 million Internet users • Growth rate more than 100% per annum • Traffic growth more than 200% • Public Telephone Network: compound annual growth of 5.4% (situation till 1985. Around 6-7% today) • Competitive market • High stock capitalizations • Remarkable resilience • Common standards, technical efficiency • Pricing schemes

7. Evolution of Internet (From top to bottom) 60% 21% 9% 7% Basic = $7.1 Biillion 3% Source: The Yankee Group, 1996

8. Evolution of Internet Telephony • Projections by MCI: • From 1998, today’s PC-to-PC phone will be replaced • by commercial grade Internet telephony. • By 2010, 50% of all telephony will be via what’s called • today Internet telephony. Circuit Switched Telephony Internet Telephony and Related Services Current PC-PC “IP Phone” Now 1998 2010 Source: MCI

9. The value chain Content and service packaging Content Creation Presentation gateway End User Equipment and service supply • Content Providers, Advertisement • Brokers , Merchants • Telephone Companies • Service Providers (ISPs, Value-added) • Cable operators • Satellite operators • New entrants • Vendors

10. Possible market entry strategies • Telecom Operator (telephone, satellite, cable) • Increase end-user offer and relations • Capitalize on the access network • Provide infrastructure • Ammeliorate end-to-end scope (global connectivity) • Move to ISP role • Collaborate with vendors and content providers • Service Providers (ISPs, value-added) • Prepare and adapt to market shifts (consolidation) • Flexible packaging: users, services, information • New entrants • Vendors • Mix, migrate and extend the Telecom and Internet bridge

11. Public telephone Network More than 100 years Mix analog and digial technologies Optimised for voice (cicuit switched) Pricing: distance and duration dependent Uses accounting rates at international levels (settlements) The Internet More than 10 years Digital, computer-to-computer technology Optimised for data (packet switched) Pricing: Flat-rate based on circuit capacity No formal mechanisms for revenue sharing (sender-keeps all) Pricing: Telephone network vs the Internet

12. Usage-based pricing works best for/when: Scarce capacity Short transactions Want to minimize traffic Users are familiar with the service Cope with traffic priorities Store-and-forward communications Flat-rate tariffs works best for/when: Abundant capacity Long sessions Want to maximize usage Users are unfamiliar with the service No priorities Real time communications Pricing: usage-based vs flat-rate

13. Alternatives • Internet collapse ? • Growing usage, investments, commitments • Web functionality • Electronic-commerce prospects • Internet fragmentation • Intranets and extranets • Parallel infrastructure with its own tariffs • Internet/Public telephone convergence • Telco pricing moves towards flat-rate • Internet moves towards usage-based • Which becomes dominant ? Telcos ? • Internet/broadcasting convergence • The advertising model is adopted to fund Internet

14. The convergence requirements

15. Scenarios for the access network

16. Connectivity requirements • Large organizations • Very high speed 24 hours connectivity • Small business (PMEs) • High speed, 8-24 hours/day, affordable cost • “High bandwidth” residential users • High speed, 3-24 hours/day, low cost • “Low bandwidth” residential users • Good speed, 1-3 hours/day, low cost USER ACCESS SERVICES and NETWORKS copper fiber coaxial (CATV) satellite (wireless) INTERNET Public Networks (e.g. DATA, ATM, MANs, etc.) • Higher speeds • Minimum expenses • Increasing IT • dependency Corporate Networks (e.g. Intranet) Content, Broadcast, VoD

17. ADSL Projections Source: The Yankee Group (96/97)

18. Copper access (xDSL) technologies • DSL - Digital Subscriber Line • Duplex: 160K (2B+D+Management) • HDSL - High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line • Duplex: 2 x T.1 (1.544Mbps) / 2 x E.1 (2.048Mbps) • SDSL - Single Line Digital Subscriber Line • Duplex:2 x T.1 (1.544Mbps) / 2 x E.1 (2.048Mbps) • ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line • Asymmetric: Downstream: 1.5Mbps -> 9Mbps Upstream: 16Kbps -> 640Kbps • VDSL - Very High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line • Asymmetric: Downstream: 13Mbps -> 52Mbps Upstream: 1.6Mbps -> 2.3Mbps

19. Existing Telephone Service Downstream Channel To Residence Upstream Channel to Network 2 Wire Twisted Pair Frequency Spectrum f 1(high) f(kHz) f (low) f2 (high) 4 10 What is ADSL ? • Allows existing phone lines to support POTS (“Plain Old Telephone Service”) and Interactive Services • Services are concurrent and independent • POTS has no change - same line • Multimedia service applied as an overlay on-top of existing telephone service

20. ADSL performance • Upstream: 64 to 640 kbit/s • Downstream : 1.5 Mbit/s to 9 Mbit/s • Speed is a function of the distance and cable type from the subscriber to the c.e. • Typically 50 to 150 times faster (downstream speed) than traditional analog modems • ADSL looks simple but on the inside it uses state-of-the-art technology • DMT (Discrete multitone)

21. ADSL advantages for users • User is connected 24 hours/day • User can have WEB site, small LAN • Uses telephone line already installed at home or in the office • Telephone and PC can be used at same time • Supports multimedia applications • Asymmetric speed matches requirements of WEB access, VOD, teleworking • “Per subscriber” line service provides more security (e.g. for on-line banking, tele-work)

22. ADSL advantages for telcos’ high speed services provision • Uses existing cabling • Positions against competing technologies • New revenue stream • As fiber is deployed, ADSL can be moved elsewhere • Favorable cost of ownership • Can be introduced on a per-user basis • Frees central exchange from long dialup sessions • Turns copper into gold

23. ADSL - Principles of use

24. ADSL versus CATV cable • Phone lines are ubiquitous, cable is not(e.g., not available at most business sites) • ADSL: full use of line’s bandwidthCable: shared use (more users connected to one branch, lower the individual bandwidth) • ADSL is interactiveSome cable solutions are not: upstream through telephone network and downstream through cable • Cable: shared line usage leads to security and network management issues

25. ADSL versus ISDN • ISDN is a mature and symmetrical serviceADSL is a state of art asymmetrical service • ISDN is an end-to-end switched serviceADSL is a local dedicated access service • ISDN is limited to 128 kbit/sADSL is available in speeds ranging typically from 64 kbit/s to 8 Mbit/s • ISDN is “metered”ADSL is usually flat rate • ISDN is not distance limited and is a very good solution for specific classes of users

26. ADSL versus baseband modems • Baseband modems operate at lower speeds • Baseband modems require 4-wire circuits • Baseband modems are also expensive (but prices are being reduced gradually)

27. ADSL applications • High speed multimedia Internet access • Tele-work (telecommuting) • Workgroup videoconferencing • Distance learning with live video and interactive participation • High speed file transfers (e.g. multimedia, video clips) • Telemedicine (e.g., transport biomedical images in seconds) • Video-on-demand

28. ADSL Forum system reference diagram Service Providers Online services Internet Access LAN access Interactive Video Video Services Videoconf. USERS Broad. Network Settop Box PDN PC Intfc Access Node Narrow. Network Prem. Dist. Net. Packet Network ADSL ADSL

29. Traffic concentration requirements • Concentrate users • Improve WAN links and resources • Ensure QoS • Service integration

30. Functional requirements • Easy migration from current access (e.g. ISP) infrastructure • Simultaneous destinations connectivity • Internet and corporate networks (e.g. Intranets) • Multiprotocol support • Security • Multicast • Quality of service

31. Why ATM ? • Service transparency • Traffic integration • Network layer 3 protocol transparency • Scalability • Efficiency and flexibility • Speed granularity • Bursty traffic • Efficient traffic and bandwidth handling • Low latency • Service categories: QoS • Low cost performance (bit/s) ratio • Evolution path to broadband: e.g. VDSL

32. Frames versus cells

33. ATM: Unifying Infrastructure • ATM evolution in the network infrastructure Cell Relay FR FR Service Cell Relay Cell Relay FR Voice Voice ATM FR ATM TRANSPORT TRANSPORT ATM & TRANSPORT • ATM evolution in the LAN infrastructure ATM to the Desktop Desktop Desktop PABX Legacy LAN Routers Other LAN Backbone ATM

34. ATM Today • ATM Forum - “The Anchorage Accord” • Alignment with ITU-T • Stability - Completed specifications provide the framework for service and product availability • Backward compatibiliy or interoperability Security Dir. Svcs FUNI 2 RBB VTOA AIW XTI Wireless MPOA PNNI 2.0 M1 M2 M3 Winsock 2 BICI 3.0 LANE 2.0 DXI PNNI 1.0 AMS 1.0 FUNI 1 PHY Specs Semantic API 1.0 Test Specs CES M4 BICI 2.0 SIG 4.0 TM 4.0 ILMI 4.0 LANE 1.0 4.0 IISP FR/ATM M5 SMDS/ATM UNI 3.1 Foundation Specs Application & Service Specs

35. Network Service Customer Access Providers Premise Provider Content Low Bandwidth User Providers Regional Access Broadband Network Network ISP (POP) Central Exchange High Bandwidth User Internet Regional Exchange Center Corporate Networks Small Business (PME) Connectivity scenario

36. ADSL-based broadband architecture

37. Scenarios for the ATM/ADSL network

38. Encapsulation methods

39. WinSock 2 Architecture 16 bit WinSock 1.1 Application 32 bit WinSock 1.1 Application 32 bit WinSock 2 Application WinSock 1.1 API WINSOCK..DLL 32bit - WINSOCK.32.DLL WinSock 2 API 32 bit WinSock 2 DLL - WS2-32.DLL WinSock 2 SPI Transport Service Provider Transport Service Provider e.g. TCP/IP, IPX Transport Service Provider e.g. ATM Name Space Service Provider e.g. DNS Name Space Service Provider e.g. NDS • QoS - Through ATM, RSVP, other • Multipoint/ Mlticast • Real-time multimedia commnications

40. Challenges for ATM/ADSL combination • Static and dynamic connections • Move away from PVCs to scale up • SVCs - Next generation of NTUs • Flexible IP addressing management • PPPATM seems to be the right direction • Multiple parallel, independent IP connections, + security • Wait for WinSock2 and Native ATM apps for QoS • Integrated network management • User-friendly approach • Installation, setup, interoperability, service levels • Pricing - Defensive, proactive approach

41. ITU’s NTC ADSL trial(http://www.itu.int/ntc)

42. Related issues at the ITU(http://www.itu.int) • Study Group 15 - Question #4 - V.adsl • ADSL - ANSI T1.413 (DMT) • HDSL - ETSI ETR 152 Edition 3 • Adopted by reference • Focal point for GII • Standardization, Regulatory activities • Publications - Electronic Bookshop • International Settlements • IAHC MoU • Telecom Interactive 97 (8-14 September, 1997, Geneva)