Commodity and High-Speed Internet Access in American Research Universities

1. Commodity and High-Speed Internet Access in American Research Universities Henning Schulzrinne hgs@cs.columbia.edu Dept. of Computer Science, Columbia University Internet2 Fall Member Meeting Atlanta, Georgia November 1, 2000 With material borrowed from Internet2 and Abilene presentations

2. Overview • Background on American university “hierarchy’’ • Typical local network configuration • Regional networks, GigaPOPs • Internet2: vBNS, Abilene, … • On-going efforts

3. American Education Hierarchy • Research I institutions: • PhD-granting • Large (gov’t funded) research programs • Private (Columbia, Harvard, Yale, NYU) or public (UMass, UC) • Four-year institutions – generally, do not grant PhDs (but BS, BA)

4. American Education Hierarchy • Two-year (“community”) colleges -> butte.cc.ca.us • K-12: kindergarten through high-school (“secondary education”) • Special category: HBCU = historically black colleges and universities – special programs for research and connectivity

5. 2000 Carnegie Foundation Classification • Doctoral/Research Extensive (> 50 Dr./year) • Doctoral/Research Intensive (>10 Dr./year) • Master’s Colleges & Universities I, II • Baccalaureate Colleges (Liberal Arts, General) • Associate’s Colleges • Specialized (Theological, medical, E&T, business, art/music/design, law, teachers)

6. US Universities & Colleges

7. US Colleges and Universities

8. Research I Networking • Originally, all connected to ARPAnet and NSFnet • Still partially subsidized by NSF, but for high-speed connectivity only • Commodity Internet paid for by normal operational funding

9. University Network • Typically, 10-100 Mb/s switched in newer installations • Possibly per-jack maintenance $ • Student fees for computing

10. Example: Columbia University Network 1000Fx

11. University Network Connection • Each university chooses independently (except for state systems) Internet e.g., NYSERnet Regional network Internet2 e.g., Applied Theory Via GigaPOP nOC1-T3-OC3 OC3-OC12

12. University Network Connectivity • Policies differ • Automatic routing via commodity or Internet2 • Some, only selected labs or hosts 1 brooklyn (128.59.16.64) 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 2 mudd-edge-1.net.columbia.edu (128.59.16.1) 2 ms nyser-gw.net.columbia.edu (128.59.1.4) 1 ms 1 ms 3 nn2k-gw.net.columbia.edu (128.59.1.6) 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 4 199.109.5.6 (199.109.5.6) 2 ms 2 ms 1 ms 5 199.109.5.2 (199.109.5.2) 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 6 wash-nycm.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.8.45) 7 ms 7 ms 6 ms 7 vbns-abilene.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.11.10) 9 ms 9 ms 9 ms 8 jn1-so7-0-0-1.wor.vbns.net (204.147.136.137) 9 ms 10 ms 9 ms 9 jn1-at1-0-0-17.cht.vbns.net (204.147.132.130) 14 ms 13 ms 13 ms 10 border1-rt-at6-0-0.gw.umass.edu (128.119.3.129) 28 ms 21 ms 22 ms 11 cs-gw-ext-i2.cs.umass.edu (128.119.3.146) 24 ms 22 ms 23 ms 12 kernighan.cs.umass.edu (128.119.240.46) 25 ms 28 ms 24 ms

13. Example: NYSERnet

14. University Challenges • Universal connectivity: Ethernet in every dorm room and lecture hall • Wireless networks (802.11b) • VoIP • Multimedia conferencing • Napster 

15. www.internet2.edu

16. Internet2 “Internet2 is a consortium being led by over 180 universitiesworking in partnershipwith industry and government to develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow's Internet. Internet2 is recreating the partnership among academia, industry and government that fostered today´s Internet in its infancy. The primary goals of Internet2 are to: • Create a leading edge network capability for the national research community • Enable revolutionary Internet applications • Ensure the rapid transfer of new network services and applications to the broader Internet community.

17. Internet2 Universities184 Universities as of February 2001

18. Internet2 Partnerships • Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that fostered the Internet in its infancy • Industry • Government • International • Participation fee $20,000 per annum

19. 3Com Advanced Network & Services Alcatel Ameritech AT&T Cisco Systems IBM ITC^Deltacom Lucent Technologies Marconi WorldCom Microsoft Newbridge Networks Netcom Systems Nortel Networks Qwest Communications SBC Communications WCI Cable Internet2 Corporate Partners

20. Additional Participation • Over 70 Internet2 Corporate Members • Over 30 Affiliate Members • Over 30 International Partners

21. Internet2 Goals • Enable new generation of applications • Re-create leading edge R&E network capability • Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet

22. Why Internet2? • The Internet was not designed for: • Millions of users • Congestion • Multimedia • Real time interaction • But, only the Internet can: • Accommodate explosive growth • Enable convergence of information work, mass media, and human collaboration

23. Internet2 Focus Areas • Advanced Network Infrastructure • Middleware • Engineering • Advanced Applications • Partnerships

24. Internet2Backbone Networks Internet2 Network Architecture GigaPoP One GigaPoP Two GigaPoP Four GigaPoP Three

25. University A Internet2 Interconnect Cloud GigaPoP One Regional Network Commercial Internet Connections University C University B Network Architecture

26. Internet2 GigaPoPs27 as of January 2001

27. Internet2 Backbone Networks Donna Cox,Robert Patterson, NCSA

28. Advanced Applications • Distributed computation • Virtual laboratories • Digital libraries • Distributed learning • Digital video • Tele-immersion • All of the above in combination

29. Real-time access to remote instruments University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center3-D Brain Mapping Virtual Laboratories

30. Real-time access to remote instruments University of North Carolina, Chapel HillDistributed nanoManipulator Virtual Laboratories

31. Mauna Kea Observatories AURA University of Hawaii Virtual Laboratories

32. Space Physics & Aeronomy Research Collaboratory (SPARC) University of Michigan NSF Virtual Laboratories

33. Shared virtual reality University of Illinois at ChicagoVirtual Temporal Bone Tele-immersion Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago

34. Tele-cubicles and the CAVE Source: University of Illinois-Chicago

35. National Networks • Internet2 Backbone Networks • vBNS • Abilene • Federal Backbone Networks • DREN • ESnet • NREN • SuperNet • …

36. Abilene – October, 2000 • Inflection point in network development • OC-48c (2.5 Gb/s) IP-over-SONET backbone • 53 current and pending connections in 32 states • Second OC-48c connection: SoX • 175 participants in 47 states and D.C. • Ongoing strong partnership • Cisco, Nortel, Qwest, Indiana Univ., ITECs (NC and OH) • Increasing backbone utilization • Characteristic exponential growth • O(OC-12c) peak utilization on some links • Traffic doubling time: 7 months

37. Abilene Core – autumn 2000 Seattle New York Cleveland Indianapolis Sacramento Washington Denver Denver Kansas City Los Angeles Atlanta Houston

38. Abilene Weather Map

39. Abilene annual connection fees

40. Summary • Universities and state university systems are largely independent • But mostly cluster into regional networks (from NSFnet days) and Internet2 • vBNS (1995-2000) -> Abilene, …