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Germination

Germination. What is it???. Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to the ovule. stigma. style. carpel. ovary. ovule. Note: Petals not shown in order to simplify diagram.

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Germination

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  1. Germination What is it???

  2. Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to the ovule stigma style carpel ovary ovule Note: Petals not shown in order to simplify diagram

  3. Fertilisation occurs when the male gamete fuses with the ovule (the female gamete) Flower StructurePollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

  4. After fertilisation the petals, stamen and sepals fall off. The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilised egg inside develops into an embryo plant. Cotyledon: Food store (contain starch and protein and also enzymes) Testa: tough seed coat Plumule: Embryo shoot Micropyle: Hole made by pollen tube Embryo plant Radicle:Embryo root Flower StructurePollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

  5. Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant in order to reduce competition for space, light, nutrients and water. • Seeds can be dispersed by: • Wind • Water • Mechanical • Animals

  6. Germination

  7. The seed contains the embryo plant and cotyledons (starch stores) Testa Water enters the seed through the micropyle and activates enzymes. The water also softens the testa to allow it to split. Plumule (embryo shoot) Radicle (embryo root) Cotyledon Micropyle Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

  8. amylase secreted Enzymes are used in seed germination Plumule The enzymes break starch down into maltose and then glucose. The glucose is used in respiration to provide energy for growth starch embryo plant absorbed maltose Radicle This is the first part to grow out of the seed as it needs to absorb more water Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

  9. Dry mass/g Days Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed: Seed loses weight as it uses up starch stores in the cotyledons as the seedling cannot photosynthesise yet Weight increases as the seedling can photosynthesise and plant grows Dry mass is the mass of solid matter with all water removed

  10. Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in the cotyledon to provide energy for growth light The seedling can now photosynthesise and make its own food germination Plant growth and development soil

  11. Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen) No light Oxygen present Oxygen present Oxygen present Oxygen present No oxygen moist moist moist moist dry 4oC A Warm B Warm C Warm E Warm D Conditions required for germinationSummarise the findings of the experiment shown below:

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