Introduction to Art

1. Impressionism Neo-Impressionism Secessionism Aestheticism Symbolism Ch. 19 觀察與想像 信奉天主教的歐洲國家 十七世紀前半葉 Ch. 20 自然之鏡 十七世紀的荷蘭 Ch. 21 威力與榮光 （一）義大利 十七世紀晚期和十八世紀 April 10th Week 12 Introduction to Art

2. Impressionism • Originated in France 1860-1900 • Evoke strong but subtle, perceptual impressions of sunlight, color and shadow • Rejected Academic conventions • Not interested in telling stories and painting morals • The sensations of light, color and movement

3. Dance at le Moulin de la Galette, Montmartre, 1876, AUGUSTE RENOIR

4. Rouen Cathedral. Harmony in Blue, 1893, CLAUDE MONET

5. Saint-Lazare Station, 1877, CLAUDE MONET

6. Wind Effect, Series of the Poplars, 1891, CLAUDE MONET

8. Saint-lazare station, 1877, claude monet, impressionism Title: Saint Lazare Station Author: Claude Monet Date: 1877 Description: Paris Saint-Lazare is one of the six large terminus train stations of Paris. It is the second busiest in Paris, behind the Gare du Nord, handling 274,000 passengers each day Source: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/

9. Wind effect, series of the polars Title: Wind Effect Author: Claude Monet Date: 1891 Description: The Poplar Series paintings were made by Claude Monet in the summer and fall of 1891. The magnificent trees were in a marsh along the banks of the Epte River a few kilometers upstream from Monet's home and studio Source: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/

10. Neo-Impressionism • A distinct group within the Impressionist movement • Connecting corridor between the two larger movements of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism • Less concerned with painting spontaneously and more interested in the preparatory and technical aspects of design and color form

11. Neo-Impressionism • Less interested in evoking spontaneity and movement • Seurat labored intensively on preparatory studies for up to a year before beginning to work on the final painting • The only artists to develop working methods • “organizing” the color on his canvas • Pointillism and Divisionism are the most significant of these theory based methods

12. Bathers at Asnieres, 1884, GEORGES SEURAT • THIS SIMPLE MOMENT OF LEISURE CAPTURED IN SHIMMERING PAINT DISGUISES THE ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF LABOUR THAT MADE IT POSSIBLE

13. The little country maid Title: The little country maid Author: Camille Pissarro Date: 1882 Description: The room is in Pissarro's house at Osny, near Pontoise, where the artist moved in 1882. The child seated at the table is almost certainly Ludovic Rodolph, the artist's fourth son. The two works hanging on the wall at the left have been identified as one of the artist's pastels of 1881 and a Japanese painting on silk. The composition is striking for the number of objects cut off at the sides. The technique, with its range of colour and shimmering brushwork, anticipates Pissarro's neo-Impressionist works of the later 1880s. Source: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/

14. The Pork Butcher Title: The Pork Butcher Author: Camille Pissarro Date: 1882 Description: In the early 1880s Pissarro painted a number of market scenes characterised by close-up views of people, mainly women, going about their activities. The market portrayed here is the weekly market held in Pontoise. The artist made several changes to the composition in the course of the painting which can be seen from X-rays. One of these concerns the central figure, who was originally intended as an older woman. Pissarro finally chose to depict his niece, Eugénie Estruc, known as Nini. Her pose is reminiscent of Degas's images of women ironing. Source: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/

15. The Seine seen from la grande latte Title: The Seine Seen From La Grande Latte Author: George Seurat Date: 1888 Description: This study formed the basis for a larger canvas now in the Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels. Painted on a white surface, the colours are particularly light and brilliant. Seurat made several adjustments to the composition: the curve of the island was lowered at the bottom right and traces of a yacht are visible at the left. Source: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/

16. Secessionism • In German and Austrian, the artists who broke with the traditions of the art • Academies at the end of the 19th century • Secession artists wanted independent exhibitions • Three most significant Secessions: • Munich, Berlin and Vienna

17. Secessionism • Although the Munich Secession showed some avant-grade work it also included a large amount of Naturalistic and Impressionistic painting and was not strongly associated with the period’s most experimental artists

18. Secessionism • The Berlin Secession was formed in 1898 and quickly established itself as the voice of opposition to the conservatism of Berlin’s tradition of Academic painting

19. Secessionism • The Vienna Secession was founded by Gustav Klimt in 1897 • The most distinctive work of this group of painters combined a flat, decorative style with subtle, often strong, use of color

20. The Kiss, 1907-8, GUSTAV KLIMT The ideal, the decorative and the ritualistic are key features which distinguish Viennese Secessionism from the other main Secessionist groups.

21. Judith Title: Judith Author: Gustav Klimt Date: 1901 Description: Gustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an Austrian Symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. His major works include paintings, murals, sketches, and other art objects. Klimt's primary subject was the female body,[1] and his works are marked by a frank eroticism—nowhere is this more apparent than in his numerous drawings in pencil Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

22. Water serpants Title: Water Serpants Author: Gustav Klimt Date: 1901

23. Aestheticism • Initially a 19th century literary movement led by writers like Oscar Wilde and Joris Karl Huysmans • Aestheticism soon found advocates among artists who wanted to liberate art from morality, politics and social purpose

24. Aestheticism • From which Symbolism developed • ‘Art for art’s sake’ • Provoke a complex and highly nuanced assortment of sensuous and intellectual responses in the viewer

25. Aestheticism • The work as art object was more important than the subject of the painting • Demanded that the viewer have sufficient ‘disinterest’ or detachment, to distinguish between feelings • Aestheticism’s insistence on art’s independence from life and their scorn for the bourgeoisie

26. Nocturne: Black and Gold - The Fire Wheel, 1875, JAMES ABBOTT MCNEILL WHISTLER

27. A Sleeping Girl, c.1875, ALBERT MOORE • The mixture of Classical elements with Japanese fans suggests the artifice of the artist’s studio rather than the Classical past. • The sleeping girl with the vase and flower still-life in the foreground, suggesting that both are beautiful objects for the spectator to contemplate.

28. blossoms, 1881, Albert Moore, Aestheticism Title:Blossoms Author: Albert Moore Date: 1881 Description: Albert Joseph Moore (4 September 1841 – 25 September 1893) was an English painter, known for his depictions of langorous female figures set against the luxury and decadence of the classical world. He was born in York in 1841, the youngest of the fourteen children of the artist William Moore of York who in the first half of the 19th century enjoyed a considerable reputation in the North of England as a painter of portraits and landscape. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

29. The toilet, 1881, Albert Moore, Aestheticism Title:The Toilet Author: Albert Moore Date: 1881 Description: Albert Joseph Moore (4 September 1841 – 25 September 1893) was an English painter, known for his depictions of langorous female figures set against the luxury and decadence of the classical world. He was born in York in 1841, the youngest of the fourteen children of the artist William Moore of York who in the first half of the 19th century enjoyed a considerable reputation in the North of England as a painter of portraits and landscape. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

30. Symbolism • Symbolism emerged in the 1880s and was eclipsed by the rise of Modernism • Symbolist art subverted bourgeois conventions and emphasized disturbing and disturbed states of mind • Influenced by spiritualism, anarchism and socialism

31. Symbolism • Against the 19th century’s belief: science and technology • Explored what these left out: the life of the spirit, the mysterious, uncanny, the unknown or the unspeakable • Suggestive of another reality

32. Symbolism • Gauguin emphasized that the emotional response to art is more important than the intellectual. • The artist must paint on the basis of his intuition and imagination rather than observation and description • Melancholy, sexuality and disturbance are central to Symbolism

33. Green Death, C.1905, ODILON REDON • Lurid green as an allusion to the drink Absinthe which was associated with inspiration, excess and fantastical mental states • The “green death” could be the death of reason under the influence of intoxication

34. The Storm, 1893, EDVARD MUNCH • Female dressed in white, the traditional color of innocence, suggesting that the storm is in some way connected with this figure’s virginity or youthfulness

35. Iron bridges at asnieres Title:Iron Bridges at Asnieres Author: Emile Bernard Date: 1881 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

36. Brooding woman Title:Brooding Woman Author: Picasso Date: 1881 Description: Picasso's works were involved with a new way of depicting perceptions, seeking the essence of a subject rather than a strict recreation of reality

37. Ch. 19 觀察與想像 信奉天主教的歐洲國家 十七世紀前半葉 「巴洛克」 建築— • 波達設計：Il Gesa教堂結合中世紀與文藝復興建築風格普為全歐接受的新穎、簡單、巧妙之式樣 繪畫—對形式主義厭倦 • 卡拉西：聖母哀悼基督之死強調「古典美」 • 卡拉瓦喬：多疑的聖托瑪斯自然主義，脫離陳規、重新思考藝術

38. Ch. 19 觀察與想像 信奉天主教的歐洲國家 十七世紀前半葉 卡拉西學派 （or 新古典、學院派）— • 雷涅：黎明女神奧羅拉 • 僕辛：「我，死之神，甚至君臨阿喀笛亞」 • 羅倫：風景（向阿波羅祭奉） • 魯本斯：聖凱塞琳的訂婚式 • 魯本斯：小女孩頭像 • 魯本斯：自畫像 • 魯本斯：和平之幸福的寓言

39. Ch. 19 觀察與想像 信奉天主教的歐洲國家 十七世紀前半葉 • 范戴克：英格蘭王查理一世 • 范戴克：高雅的史都華和約翰貴族 • 維拉斯奎茲：賣水的老人 • 維拉斯奎茲：教皇英諾森十世 • 維拉斯奎茲：宮女 • 維拉斯奎茲：西班牙小王子肖像畫 • 以全心的眼光觀察自然、發現並享用色彩與光線之嶄新和諧，已經成為畫家的必要任務。

40. Ch. 20 自然之鏡 十七世紀的荷蘭 建築— • 受天主教影響 • 偏愛冷靜嚴謹的建築、裝潢裡流露出輪廓簡單與裝飾貧乏的式樣。 • 凱本設計：皇宮（前市政廳） 繪畫— • 肖像畫 （為了不觸犯宗教（新教）而興盛） • 哈爾斯：聖喬治軍方官員的宴會 • 哈爾斯：布洛克先生肖像

41. Ch. 20 自然之鏡 十七世紀的荷蘭 專業化（專門繪魚的畫家、專門繪海景的畫家） • 夫力格爾：河口景色 • 戈耶：河畔的風車 林布蘭特—荷蘭最偉大的畫家肖像畫帶有生命感 • 林布蘭特：自畫像 • 林布蘭特：西克斯先生肖像 • 林布蘭特︰無善心的僕人之寓言故事 • 林布蘭特：大衛王與兒子亞沙龍的和解 • 林布蘭特：基督傳道

42. Ch. 20 自然之鏡 十七世紀的荷蘭 • 史汀：命名宴 • 路斯達爾：林野風光 • 卡爾夫：靜物 • 維梅爾：倒牛奶的廚婦

43. Ch. 21 威力與榮光 （一）義大利 十七世紀晚期和十八世紀 巴洛克風格更高度發展 • 波洛米尼與萊納狄設計：羅馬——教堂 超常的舞台化裝飾、重視表情強度、將觀者引向情緒的頂點 • 帕尼尼：少女胸像 • 帕尼尼：聖女泰瑞莎的幻象 高度戲劇性 • 高利：膜拜耶穌的聖名 • 蒂波洛：克利奧帕脫之宴 唯一的分支—威尼斯風景油畫與版畫 • 加爾第：威尼斯——鹹水湖風光

44. Claude Monet – Inventing Impressionism • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9O1c6Not6U • Soul on canvas - Seccessionism • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVpvL73-uNQ • Symbolism Art Painting • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28VY1fKiQww • Neo Impressionism • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucsjYz0FGj0 • Pablo Picasso Painting • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQTO0BakU6c Related Video