Disease of the Day

1. Disease of the Day Infamous bacterial and viral factoids including the basics and life with the disease. Image

2. Image Basics • Streptococcusbacterial infection of the throat and tonsils • 5–10% of all sore throats Prevention • Wash hands often • Cover your mouth while coughing or sneezing Transmission • Coughing and/or Sneezing • Close Contact In Six Words • Soreness, red tonsils with white patches • Video Strep Throat [Bacteria] Txbk Ref pg. 1026-1027 Image

3. Image Basics • Human immunodeficiency virus • Leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS • Retrovisus– uses reverse trascriptase to convert the RNA from HIV into DNA in the host cell Infection Rates • Est 50,000 people each year in the US. Transmission • Sexual Activity/IV Drug Use • Can be passed from mother to child en utero and via breast milk In Six Words • “Meds, nerve damage, dementia, stigma, isolation” • AnimationVideo 1 Video 2 HIV[Virus]Txbk Ref pg. 1040-1041

4. Image Courtesy of the CDC Basics • Tropical arbovirus, or arthropod borne virus Infection Rates • Millions worldwide; deaths mainly in children • In 2013, 2.35 million cases in the Americas  Transmission • Two mosquito vectors, passed through a mosquito bite In Six Words • Fever, headache, red flush, weakness, aches • Video 1Video 2 Dengue[Virus] Image

5. Image Basics • Borreliaburgdorferibacterial infection • First reported in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1974 Infection Rates • In 2012, 95% of cases were reported in 13 upper midwest and New England states Transmission • Tick vector, passed through a tick bite In Six Words • Joint pain, memory loss, nerve damage • Video Lyme Disease[Bacteria] TxbkRef pg. 1026-1027

6. Basics • Salmonellabacterial infection in the stomach and intestines • New, drug resistant strains Prevention • Wash hands before handling food • Wash produce before consuming • Fully cook your food Transmission • Eating contaminated food In Six Words • Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, dehydration • Animation Image Salmonellosis Food Poisoning [Bacteria]

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8. Basics • Bacillus anthracis bacterial infection • Produces dormant spores that can be found in the soil they are activated once in the body Infection Rates • In 2001, powdered anthrax spores were mailed to US Senators, 5 deaths of 22 infections Transmission • Breathing in spores • Contaminated food/water • Through a cut in the skin In Six Words • Drenching sweats, nausea, vomiting, confusion, dizziness • Video Anthrax [Bacteria]

9. Basics • Multiple stage Plasmodiuminfection; first infects the liver cells,then moves to the red blood cells, producing more parasites to infect other cells Infection Rates • Est from the WHO, 207 million cases in 2012 –caused an estimated 627,000, deaths mostly among Africanchildren Transmission • Mosquito vector, from Anopheles mosquito bite In Six Words • Fever, anemia, respiratory distress, low BP Video Malaria [Protist] Image

10. Basics • Dermatophytesare fungi that cause skin, hair, and nail infections • Can be found on many parts of the body, including scalp, body, feet, etc. Prevention • Good hygiene • Avoid sharing hairbrushes, hats, clothing Transmission • Fungal spores in the air and/or environment In Six Words • Red ring, itching, scaling, cracking skin Video Ringworm [Fungus] Image

11. A colored transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of Toxoplasmagondii parasites (green), which cause toxoplasmosis. Image

12. Basics • Toxoplasma gondiiinfection • Many infected do not have symptoms because of a healthy immune system, parasite can remain inactive for long periods of time in our muscles and brain Prevention • Wash produce before consuming • Cook meat @ the appropriate temp • Change litter daily, [infectionsdevelop 1 to 5 days after first pooped out] Transmission • Exposure through cat feces • Undercooked meat [especially pork, lamb, venison] In Six Words • Flu-like, eye pain, miscarriage, brain damage Video Toxoplasmosis[Protist] Image

13. Basics • Caused by Coccidioidesfungi in the soil in dry areas that lack rainfall; endemic to the southwestern US, Mexico, Central and South America Infection Rates • In 2011 over 20,000 reported cases, the majority in Arizona and California • Since 1990, 3,000+ have died Transmission • Fungal spores in the air and/or environment In Six Words • Fever, cough, headache, aches, sometimes pneumonia Story Valley Fever [Fungus] Image

14. Works Cited • "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)." World of Biology. Gale, 1999. Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. • Davidson, Tish. "Strep throat." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. • Carson-DeWitt, Rosalyn. "Dengue fever." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. • "Lyme Disease." World of Health. Gale, 2010. Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. • Frey, Rebecca J., Jennifer E. Sisk, and Tish Davidson. "Lyme disease." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011.Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. • "Salmonella." World of Microbiology and Immunology. Ed. Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.