Bellwork

1. Bellwork • Can we stop terrorism? Can we stop it through wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Do the wars make it worse? If you were president, how would you deal with 9/11?

2. Next class • World Song Lyrics due! • Typed! • Print out your lyrics with at least 16 vocab words highlighted or bolded/underlined • Also print out the lyrics of the original song • Staple them together

3. French Bros. 9/11 Documentary

4. Assignment: Afghanistan War

5. American Response • immediate worldwide reaction condemns act and pledges support for America • Sept 13 - Osama bin Laden is identified officially as prime suspect of attack and US promised a “sustained” military action to bring justice – bin Laden denies responsibility • Sept 14 – 50,000 reservists called to active duty, Taliban warns against attacking Afghanistan, names of hijackers released National Cathedral, September 14 New York skyline on September 16, 2001

6. American Response • Sept 16 – Bush pledges a “crusade” against evil-doers” • message delivered to Taliban through Pakistan to hand over Osama bin Laden or risk attack – refusals comes on Sept 21 • Sept 20 – international support for attack grows • US aircrafts transported to Persian Gulf • Bush tells US military to be “prepared” because “The hour is coming when America will act and you will make us proud.” • Afghanis begin fleeing to border • Islamic clerics ask bin Laden to voluntarily leave Afghanistan

7. American Response Sept 26 - U.S. and Pakistani officials agree on military preparations for combating bin Laden’s terrorist network in Afghanistan Sept 30 – Afghanistan acknowledges they communicate with bin Laden and are keeping him safe – bin Laden renews calls for attacks on Jews and Americans Oct 4 – Great Britain Prime Minister Tony Blair outlines case against bin Laden and Pakistan becomes 1st Muslim nation to say there is enough evidence to incriminate al-Qaeda USS Enterprise Smoldering ruins of WTC, October 2

8. Operation Enduring Freedom Oct 6 – Bush warns Afghanistan “time is running out” and to hand over all terrorists; they refuse Oct 7 – US and Great Britain begin missile strikes against Taliban and al-Qaeda bases; Bush says, "We will not waver, we will not tire, we will not falter, and we will not fail."

9. Operation Enduring Freedom Oct 19 – After almost 2 weeks of aerial bombardments, US Army Rangers launch raids into Afghanistan from Pakistan Oct 20 – 2 US soldiers die in a helicopter crash – 1st military casualties of the war Oct 24 – Patriot Act passes House and is signed into law by Bush on Oct 26

10. The Bush War Team Bush increases pressure on world to participate in the Global War on Terror (GWOT) “A coalition partner must do more than just express sympathy, a coalition partner must perform. That means different things for different nations. Some nations don’t want to contribute troops and we understand that. Other nations can contribute intelligence-sharing. ... But all nations, if they want to fight terror, must do something…Over time it’s going to be important for nations to know they will be held accountable for inactivity. You’re either with us or against us in the fight against terror.” - George W. Bush, November 6, 2001

11. Operation Enduring Freedom Nov 9 – After heavy bombardment and US support, Northern Alliance capture major city of Mazar-e-Sharif Strategy is to allow Northern Alliance to win war against Taliban with US and Coalition support Nov 13 – Taliban leave Kabul; US begins speeding formation of new government Too much? Proportional?

12. Operation Enduring Freedom • Nov 25 – Americans land hundreds of marines around the southern city of Kandahar – last stronghold of the Taliban • Focused efforts to capture bin Laden on the Tora Bora section of the rugged mountains of southern Afghanistan • makes first public comment regarding Saddam Hussein in the Global War on Terror – “Saddam is evil. I think he's got weapons of mass destruction, and I think he needs to open up his country to let us inspect.”

13. Restrepo

14. Operation Enduring Freedom Dec 7 – last stronghold of Taliban, Kandahar, falls; conflicting reports of Mullah Omar – captured, escaped, released?; Hamid Karzai named interim leader of government; US continues bombing of Tora Bora - US issues ultimatum to al-Qaeda fighters in Tora Bora; continue bombings

15. Operation Enduring Freedom Mid-December – Northern Alliance troops enter Tora Bora; find more than 200 al-Qaeda fighters dead and 35 fighters surrender; no Osama bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri - Later reports confirm bin Laden escaped to Pakistan primarily due to lack of US troop presence – only 100 US soldiers in Tora Bora to block escape

16. Operation Enduring Freedom • Mullah Omar also escapes Kandahar • bin Laden, al-Zawahiri, and Mullah Omar are all still at large • believed bin Laden paid locals to help him escape • recent history of Pakistan affected by these men – helped with resurgence of Taliban in Pakistan - By the end of the year, military acknowledges bin Laden’s escape but Administration says he is on the run and is powerless

17. Operation Enduring Freedom • hunt for bin Laden continues into 2002 and beyond • reconstruction of Afghanistan begins • cost of war in Afghanistan, including reconstruction – over $405 billion - national elections held in Oct, 2004 – Hamid Karzai elected with 55% of the vote – sworn in despite claims of voter fraud

18. Operation Enduring Freedom -2002 and beyond • three-fold effort in Afghanistan • find and capture Osama bin Laden • root out Taliban resistance and neutralize • stabilize and rebuild government structures to bring normality to Afghanis • Taliban flees to mountains to re-organize • fight asymmetric war – IEDs, suicide bombing, limited engagement, disrupt civilian life, etc. - attention of US after 2003 turns to Iraq!

19. Obama Turns Attention to Afghanistan When Obama is elected, he runs on a promise to end the Iraq War and focus on Afghanistan. He does a “surge” of his own, but early results show not much of a change in the current situation. War is planned to end in 2014

20. Jump to the Future The assassination of Osama bin Laden

21. Details • We knew the name of a trusted Osama courier. Got it years ago. • Last August we tracked down that courier. • We followed him, noticed he was going in a mansion. • Obama met with his national security team five times in the last 30 days (April 2011).

26. The Compound • 10 – 18 foot walls • 8 times bigger than the other surrounding houses (which are also mansions) • No phone or internet • Very few windows • Only 100 yards from a Pakistan army training school (Whhhaaa?)

27. Move in! • On Friday, Obama gave the go ahead to take out bin Laden. • Weather pushed back the attack until Sunday at 1am. • Four helicopters moved in on his compound • Forty soldiers stormed the compound and a “firefight” ensued

28. Killed! • Four people were killed in the attack (no Americans) • Two of Osama’s trusted couriers, one of which was his son. • One woman used as a human shield • And OSAMA BIN LADEN • Shot in the head • DNA evidence confirmed the body was his as well as facial recognition and identification from one of his wives

29. Obama Announces • Word began to leak at 6pm PST yesterday (May 1, 2011). • Obama gives a speech outlining some details • Crowds gather in front of the White House and at the World Trade Center to celebrate

30. Impact • What is the deal with Pakistan? Were they harboring him? • America finally shows some strength after chasing OBL for 10 years; restores some pride • “Most positive news we’ve had since the fall of the Berlin Wall” • Al-Qaeda remains just as strong, probably. • Did Obama just win reelection for 2012? • Looks much stronger foreign policy-wise

31. Mr. Rob’s Facebook

39. Assignment: 9/11 Impact and the Iraq War

40. Anti-Terrorism Actions • Bush creates Department of Homeland Security in 2002 • Analyzes threats, secure borders and airports • Color system eliminated by Obama (arbitrary)

41. Homeland Security Looks for Sleepers • A sleeper is a an agent that enters a country and blends into a community • always ready to commit terrorist act • 9/11 hijackers were sleepers

42. The Patriot Act • Allowed the government to: • Detain foreigners suspected of terrorism for seven days without charging them with a crime. • Tap all phones used by suspects and monitor their e-mail and Internet use. • Make search warrants valid across states. • Order U.S. banks to investigate sources of large foreign accounts. • Prosecute terrorist crimes without any time restrictions or limitations. • Some people fear that the law allows the government to violate our rights guaranteed in the Constitution.

45. Iraq • Led by Saddam Hussein since 1979 • Saddam had invaded Kuwait (Desert Storm) and was on our bad side • United Nations inspectors were supposed to be allowed to go into Iraq to check that he was complying with cease fire. • In 1998, he stopped letting UN inspectors enter the country.

46. 9/11 Makes Bush Worried • After 9/11, President Bush feared Hussein was providing terrorists with weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) • Saddam denies, but does not allow UN inspectors in Iraq. • Finally, in 2002, Saddam allows inspectors into the country. • They don’t find any WMDs, but Bush is not convinced.

47. Iraq and Al-Qaeda • Bush draws connections between Iraq and Al-Qaeda, claiming that Saddam intended to sell WMD to Bin Laden for use against the United States.

49. “He Has WMDs” • Colin Powell gave presentation to the UN using audiotapes, satellite photos, and other evidence to argue that Saddam was hiding WMDs. • The US and Britain pushed for a resolution in the UN that would authorize war against Iraq.