Ecology

1. Ecology

2. 13. What are some ways to conserve energy? • Turn off lights when you leave the room. • Unplug electronics when not in use. • If it’s yellow keep it mellow, if it’s brown flush it down • Use rain water • Water plants at night

3. 14. List al l the alternative energy resources that are renewable and give advantages and disadvantages

4. A. solar energy • energy from the sun in the form of radiation.

5. Solar power plants that can produce large amounts of electricity instead of for one house.

6. Advantages and disadvantages of solar energy- 2 of each Advantages: • Can be used directly for heat • Doesn’t produce pollution Disadvantages: • Expensive to set up • We do not have the correct technology to produce enough electrical energy that we need

7. B. hydroelectricity • electrical energy produced from falling water. • Spins a turbine

9. Buford Dam at Lake Lanier

10. Buford Dam at Lake Lanier

11. What are the advantages and disadvantage of hydroelectricity? 3 of each Advantages include: • Causes little pollution • Gives off significant amounts of energy • Could reduce the amount of fossil fuels used Disadvantages of include: • You must be near a water source • You must build dams and they create erosion problems and decrease water quality • Large numbers of fish die due to dams as well as destroys forests and wildlife habitats

12. C. Geothermal energy • Energy found deep within the earth; usually comes to the surface of the earth as geysers, natural vents, or wells drilled in rocks.

15. What is the advantage and disadvantages of wind energy? Advantages: - 2 • can generate significant amounts of energy • Doesn’t cause pollution Disadvantages:- 1 • Unreliable due to wind that isn’t strong enough or frequent enough to depend on

16. D. Wind energy Energy that is an indirect form of solar energy through unequal heating of air. To harness wind energy you need windmills. Windmills put together are called wind farms

17. Advantages • Wind is free, wind farms need no fuel. • Produces no waste or greenhouse gases. • The land beneath can usually still be used for farming. • Wind farms can be tourist attractions. • A good method of supplying energy to remote areas.

18. Disadvantages • The wind is not always predictable – • some days have no wind. • Suitable areas for wind farms are often near • the coast, where land is expensive. • Noisy. A wind generator makes a constant, low, "swooshing" noise day and night. An entire wind farm makes quite a racket! • Can kill birds - migrating flocks tend to • like strong winds. Splat!

19. E. Nuclear Energy • The energy released by a fission or fusion reaction between atoms. WARNING: NOT RENEWABLE

20. What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy? Advantages: (1) • Very powerful Disadvantages: (2) • Produce dangerous radioactive wastes • Needs special environments to be safe

21. Advantages and disadvantages of biomass • Advantage: (1) • it is renewable and can be inexpensive. • Disadvantage: (2) • it requires land to grow • it does not produce enough energy to keep up with our needs.

22. F. Biomass – Fuels made from once living material.

24. Biomass is the second most common form of renewable energy.

25. 15. Explain the Difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources • Renewable resources can be replaced within our lifetime while nonrenewable resources can not.

26. 16Where does the energy contained in . fossil fuels come from? • energy originally from the sun that has been absorbed by living organisms

27. Plate Tectonics

28. 17. Layers of the Earth from inside out Inner Core Outer Core Mantle (Asthenosphere) (Lithosphere) Crust

29. 18. When oceanic crust and continental crust converge • Subduction occurs and Volcanos are usually formed. • Oceanic is MORE DENSE

30. all from: http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/270

31. 19. What do convection currents in our mantle cause? The movement of tectonic plates

32. 20. What did Alfred Wegener’s name of supercontinent. Pangaea

33. 21. Sea-floor spreading The process by which new lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface of the oceanic crust and solidifies. This usually takes place at the mid-ocean ridge.

34. : www.ocean.udel.edu The Mid-Ocean Ridge system, shown above snaking its way between the continents, is more than 56,000 kilometers (35,000 mi) long. It circles the earth like the stitching on a baseball!

36. Sea-Floor Spreading m.y. means million years ago Notice this compass.

37. Amazing proof of that the inner core flips! http://platetectonics.pwnet.org/img/blocks.gif

38. 22. What are the three types of plate boundaries? • Convergent – where plates are moving toward one another • Divergent – where plates are moving away from one another • Transform – where plates are sliding horizontally past one another

39. What type of landforms do the plate boundaries create? • Convergent- mountains, volcanoes, trenches, islands • Divergent- rift valleys, midocean ridges • Transform-earthquakes and faults

40. a. Continental &Continental mountains

41. a. Continentalcrust to continentalcrust Before collision MOUNTAINS Example: India-Asia (Himalayas) After collision from: http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/270

43. b. Continental &Oceanic SUBDUCTION

44. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is called Subduction

45. c. Oceanic &Oceanic SUBDUCTION

47. Divergent Boundaries

48. The place where two plates move apart or diverge is called a divergent boundary.

49. Divergence can also occur in continental crust! Continental crust diverging from continental