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Red Yeast Rice

Red Yeast Rice. By Sarah Chorn. Overview . What is Red Yeast Rice? History of RYR Common Usage Chemical description RYR and Cholesterol The Drama Health Claims Dosage Safety Health Risks Marketing Conclusion. What is Red Yeast Rice? . Also known as Red Mold Rice

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Red Yeast Rice

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  1. Red Yeast Rice By Sarah Chorn

  2. Overview • What is Red Yeast Rice? • History of RYR • Common Usage • Chemical description • RYR and Cholesterol • The Drama • Health Claims • Dosage • Safety • Health Risks • Marketing • Conclusion

  3. What is Red Yeast Rice? • Also known as Red Mold Rice • Monascus purpureus • RYR is a fermented rice product on which red yeast has grown

  4. A Brief History… • First reported use is 800 A.D. during China’s Tang Dynasty • A detailed description of RYR was written in an ancient Chinese medicinal book • Reported uses at that time were to aid indigestion, diarrhea, blood circulation, and spleen and stomach health

  5. Common Usage • Dietary staple in many Asian countries • Flavor food • Rice wine • Often used to preserve the flavor and color of fish and meat • Supplementation, medication

  6. Chemically Speaking… • RYR forms naturally occurring HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors • HMG-CoA reductase comes from naturally occurring substances called monacolins. • These naturally occurring ingredients are what have started many disputes regarding RYR Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Monacolin K

  7. Defining HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors • HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors are found in numerous cholesterol medications • Slows down the body’s ability to make cholesterol

  8. Red Yeast Rice & Cholesterol • Monacolin K is the ingredient in RYR that Merck & Co. use in their drug Mevacor • Merck & Co. have patented this naturally occurring ingredient • RYR contains 9 different monacolins, all of which can act as HMG-CoA reductase.

  9. The Dispute • Naturally occurring ingredients that inhibit cholesterol production have risen legal and industrial disputes Is Red Yeast Rice a drug or a dietary supplement? • Dispute is between the FDA, drug manufacturer and pharmacological industry

  10. Health Claims

  11. Heart Disease & Cancer • A tentative link has been shown between RYR consumption and heart disease • A study of 5,000 Chinese adults who suffered from previous heart attacked showed lower risk of having another heart attack when taking RYR supplements. • A similar study of 5,000 Chinese adults showed that RYR consumption reduced cancer deaths by 2/3rds

  12. Problems • Minor issues in data collection have raised questions as to whether or not the data interpretation is accurate. • Most studies of this nature extend only four weeks, so there is very little long term data relating RYR to cancer or heart health

  13. Diabetes • Studies on Diabetes and RYR are just beginning. • Early findings show that there could be a relation between RYR and lower blood sugar levels • Further research is needed

  14. Dosage Information • Adults should take 1,200 mg RYR powder 2x daily by mouth with food • No evidence shows a benefit for children taking RYR supplements • Average naturally occurring RYR consumption has been shown to be 14-55 grams/day Many herbs and supplements have not been adequately tested and effectiveness can vary by brand. Anyone considering supplementation should consult their physician before starting supplementation.

  15. Safety • Supplements have not been tested as thoroughly as pharmaceutical medication • Individuals taking RYR should consult physicians and/or do research on supplements before they consume.

  16. Health Risks • Allergies • Only one case has been reported of a severe allergic reaction happening when an individual touched RYR • Pregnant and Breast Feeding • RYR should not be taken by pregnant or breast feeding women

  17. Side Effects • Very mild side effects • Headaches • Abdominal discomfort • Heartburn • Gas • Bloating • Dizziness • Kidney problems • Asthma Side effects may be similar to those that can occur on Mevacor.

  18. Marketing Problems • Due to the conflict between drug companies, the FDA and RYR, there have been many marketing problems • In September, 2007, the FDA issued a statement to the U.S. public stating that RYR supplements from 3 different companies should not be bought • Marketing of RYR inflames the current debate happening between FDA, drug companies and RYR • Can turn into a tug-of-war between opposing sides of debate

  19. Conclusion • RYR is a fermented rice product on which yeast has grown • Has an extensive history of use in China and many other Asian countries • Naturally occurring monacolins have sparked a controversy between RYR, FDA and drug companies

  20. Conclusion Cont. • Direct connections between RYR and lower cholesterol levels have been shown • Connections with diabetes, heart disease and cancer should be studied further before firm conclusions can be drawn • Side effects of RYR are similar to effects of Mevacor • Due to the controversy regarding RYR, marketing can turn into a tug-of-war game between opposing sides

  21. The End Any Questions?

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